垂直水冷壁异形鳍片区域温度与热应力分布

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20190471

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超/超超临界锅炉垂直水冷壁中间集箱附近的水冷壁异形鳍片区域向火侧易出现横向裂纹，可能导致水冷壁泄漏或爆管。以某660 MW超超临界锅炉为对象，介绍了水冷壁异形鳍片区域温度和热应力的数值计算模型。针对横向裂纹问题，基于计算数据分析了该区域的温度和热应力分布特征，以及锅炉负荷变化和水冷壁尺寸的影响。结果表明，异形鳍片旁的管壁向火侧顶点的轴向拉应力和等效应力大，锅炉变负荷运行易产生交变热应力，导致横向裂纹；异形鳍片中心为整个模型温度最高处，轴向应力和等效应力值也较大，需要重点关注；异形鳍片与管壁交接处等效应力大，材料失效时容易产生裂纹，可能向旁边的异形鳍片区域管壁向火侧延伸。

关键词: 垂直水冷壁, 横向裂纹, 数值模拟, 模型简化, 热应力, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

Transverse cracks are easily produced in ultra-supercritical boiler vertical water wall special-shaped fin region near intermediate heater. It is the hidden trouble of water wall leakage and explosion. Take special-shape fin region from a 660 MW ultra-supercritical boiler as research object. Temperature fields and thermal stress fields were obtained by numerical model. Based on calculation data, temperature and thermal stress characteristics were analyzed. The influence of varying load operation and water wall geometry size was also considered. The results show that the axial tensile stress and equivalent stress of the tube wall beside the shaped fin to the apex of the fire side are large, and the alternating load of the boiler is prone to alternating thermal stress, resulting in transverse crack. The highest temperature of the whole model is located at water wall special-shape fin center. Axial stress and equivalent stress are also large in this region. It deserves special attention. Equivalent stress is large in connection point of special-shape fin and tube wall, which results in materials failure and cracks. Cracks may extend to fire-side tube of special-shape fin region.

Key words: vertical water wall, transverse cracks, numerical simulation, model reduction, thermal stress, CFD

中图分类号:

TK 223.3

徐青蓝, 周克毅, 肖杰, 杨浩蓝, 张凌翔. 垂直水冷壁异形鳍片区域温度与热应力分布[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4582-4589.

Qinglan XU, Keyi ZHOU, Jie XIAO, Haolan YANG, Lingxiang ZHANG. Distribution of temperature and thermal stress in vertical water wall special-shape fin region[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4582-4589.

图/表 14

图1 水冷壁异形鳍片区域

Fig.1 Water wall special-shape fin region

图2 水冷壁异形鳍片区域几何模型

Fig.2 Geometry model of water wall special-shape fin region

表1 BMCR工况下工质参数

Table 1 Parameters of steam for BMCR

水冷壁管编号	t _in/℃	P/MPa	v/(m·s^-1)
1^#/2^#	403.04	28.02	5.4088/5.3610
3^#/4^#	412.35	27.91	7.2547/6.8998

表2 15CrMo部分物理参数

Table 2 Part of physical parameters of 15CrMo

t/℃

ρ/

(kg·m^-3)

c_p /

(J·kg^-1·K^-1)

图3 热负荷沿x方向的分布

Fig.3 Thermal load at x direction

图4 约束条件

Fig.4 Constraint condition

图5 BMCR工况温度分布

Fig.5 Temperature distribution of BMCR

表3 15CrMo的高温屈服强度

Table 3 High temperature yield strength of 15CrMo

t /℃	σ _0.2 / MPa
200	269
250	256
300	242
350	228
400	216
450	205
500	198

图6 截面1、2向火侧边沿的轴向应力分布

Fig.6 Axial stress distribution of section 1 and section 2 fire-side edge

图7 截面1、2向火侧边沿的等效应力分布

Fig.7 Equivalent stress distribution of section 1 and section 2 fire-side edge

图8 截面1热应力分布

Fig.8 Thermal stress distribution of section 1

图9 变负荷下部分点的计算结果

Fig.9 Results of some points in different load

图10 焊接偏差

Fig.10 Welding migration

图11 管子偏移5 mm时部分点的计算结果

Fig.11 Results of some points for 5 mm tube migration

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