石蜡/水相变乳液的制备与性能

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20170818

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低温石蜡/水相变乳液作为一种潜热蓄冷流体，具有储能密度高、可泵送的特点，可取代水作为传热介质应用于集中供冷系统中，降低二次循环水泵的运行能耗。基于集中供冷系统的应用要求，选择不同的组分制备相变乳液，包括石蜡、表面活性剂以及晶核剂，并研究其组分含量对乳液分散相粒径分布、热力学性能与流变性能的影响，最终确定相变乳液的制备方法与性能参数。采用所述方法制备的相变乳液具有良好的稳定性，其储能容量为水的2～6倍，且过冷度不高于2 K。

关键词: 相变, 乳液, 集中供冷系统, 表面活性剂, 晶核剂, 流变性能, 过冷度

Abstract:

A paraffin/water emulsion is a phase change slurry (PCS), which uses both the sensible heat capacity of the carrier fluid and the latent heat capacity of the phase change material (PCM), is pumpable and has a high energy storage density. The energy consumption of central cold supply networks could be reduced when applying low-temperature paraffin phase change emulsion as a heat transfer fluid. Based on the application requirements, different components have been selected to prepare emulsions, inclusive paraffins, surfactants and nucleating agents. The impact of their fractions on the emulsion properties has been studied, namely on the droplet size distribution, thermal properties and rheological behaviors. Finally, the emulsion components and their suitable fractions have been determined for preparing a stable paraffin/water emulsion with a energy storage density 2-6 times water and a subcooling degree lower than 2 K.

Key words: phase change, emulsions, central cold supply networks, surfactants, nucleating agents, rheological behavior, subcooling

中图分类号:

TB39

黄莉. 石蜡/水相变乳液的制备与性能[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(4): 1749-1757.

HUANG Li. Preparation and properties of paraffin/water phase change emulsion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(4): 1749-1757.

参考文献 30

[1]	陈晓, 张国强, 龙舜心, 等. 集中供冷系统中制冷机系统运行与配置方案的优化[J]. 制冷空调与电力机械, 2003, (1):15-18. CHEN X, ZHANG G Q, LONG S X, et al. Optimization of operation and scheme for chiller system in district cooling system[J]. Refrigeration Air Conditioning & Electric Power Machinery, 2003, (1):15-18.
[2]	宋孝春. 中关村西区区域供冷设计技术分析[J]. 暖通空调, 2004, 34(10):88-90. SONG X C. Technical analysis of district cooling design for west zone of Zhongguancun[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2004, 34(10):88-90.
[3]	康英姿, 华贲. 区域供冷系统制冷主机设计容量的优化分配[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(2):117-123. KANG Y Z, HUA B. Optimal distribution of chiller design capacity in district cooling system[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 36(2):117-123.
[4]	吴筠. 上海世博园区域供冷冷源方案的技术经济分析与研究[D]. 上海:同济大学, 2007. WU J. Technical and economic analysis and research of 2010 Shanghai Expo district cooling system[D]. Shanghai:Tongji University, 2007.
[5]	LI Z, DUANMU L, SHU H, et al. District cooling and heating with sea water as heat source and sink in Dalian, China[J]. Renewable Energy, 2007, (32):2603-2616.
[6]	王宇剡, 张建忠, 黄虎. 南京鼓楼软件园区域供冷供热系统优化[J]. 暖通空调, 2009, 39(7):95-98. WANG Y Y, ZHANG J Z, HUANG H. Optimization of district heating and cooling system of Nanjing Gulou software garden[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2009, 39(7):95-98.
[7]	清华大学建筑节能研究中心. 中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009[R]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2009:179-186. Tsinghua University Building Energy Research Center. Annual Report on China Building Energy Efficiency 2009[R]. Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press, 2009:179-186.
[8]	朱颖心, 王刚, 江亿. 区域供冷系统能耗分析[J]. 暖通空调, 2008, 38(1):36-40. ZHU Y X, WANG G, JIANG Y. Energy consumption analysis of district cooling systems[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2008, 38(1):36-40.
[9]	马宏权, 龙惟定. 区域供冷系统的能源效率[J]. 暖通空调, 2008, 38(11):59-64. MA H Q, LONG W D. Energy efficiency of district cooling systems[J]. Journal of HV&AC, 2008, 38(11):59-64.
[10]	陈晓. 住宅小区集中供冷系统的技术及经济性分析[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2002. CHEN X. Technical and economical analysis of cold supply system in residential district[D]. Changsha:Hunan University, 2002.
[11]	INABA H, MORITA S. Flow and cold heat-storage characteristics of phase-change emulsion in a coiled double-tube heat exchanger[J]. Journal Heat Transfer-Transactions of the ASME, 1995, 177:440-446.
[12]	INABA H, MORITA SL. Cold heat-release characteristics of phase-change emulsion by air-emulsion direct-contact heat exchange method[J]. International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, 1996, 39 (9):1797-1803.
[13]	CLARKSEAN R. Development of a PCM slurry and examination of particle statistics[C]//EGOLF P W, SARI O. Proceeding of the Phase Change Material and Slurry Scientific Conference & Business Forum. Yverdon-Ies-Bains, Switzerland, 2003:173-185.
[14]	SCHALBART P, KAWAJI M, FUMOTO K. Formation of tetradecane nanoemulsion by low-energy emulsification methods[C]//KAUFFELD M. Proceeding of 8th ⅡR Conference on Phase Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Karlsruhe, Germany, 2009:224-238.
[15]	FUMOTO K, KAWAJI M, SCHALBART P, et al. Long term stability of phase change nano-emulsions[C]//KAUFFELD M. Proceeding of 8th ⅡR Conference on Phase Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Karlsruhe, Germany, 2009:248-255.
[16]	黎宇坤, 马素德, 唐国翌. 对一种新型相变微乳液的物理性质及稳定性的研究[J]. 功能材料, 2010, 10(41):1813-1815. LI Y K, MA S D, TANG G Y. Research on physical properties and stability of phase change microemulsion[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2010, 10(41):1813-1815.
[17]	石李明, 王文俊, 李伯耿, 等. 相变乳液的制备、性能与应用[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2013, 31(1):142-147. SHI L M, WANG W J, LI B G, et al. Preparation, property and application of phase change material emulsions[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013, 31(1):142-147.
[18]	XU H, YANG R, ZHANG Y, et al. Thermal physical properties and key influence factors of phase change emulsion[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005, 50(6):1264-1269.
[19]	GUNTHER E, SCHMID T, MEHLING H, et al. Low temperature paraffin phase change emulsions[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2010, 33(8):1605-1611.
[20]	HUANG L, GUNTHER E, MEHLING H, et al. Subcooling in PCM emulsions(Ⅰ):Experimental[J]. Thermochim Acta, 2010, 509(1/2):93-99.
[21]	WANG F X, LIU J, FANG X M, et al. Graphite nanoparticles-dispersed paraffin/water emulsion with enhanced thermal-physical property and photo-thermal performance[J]. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2016, 147:101-107.
[22]	MORIMOTO T, TOGASHI K, KUMANO H, et al. Thermophysical properties of phase change emulsions prepared by D-phase emulsification[J]. Energy Conversation and Management, 2016, 122:215-222.
[23]	ZHANG X Y, WU J Y, NIU J L. PCM-in-water emulsion for solar thermal applications:the effects of emulsifiers and emulsification conditions on thermal performance, stability and rheology characteristics[J]. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2016, 147:211-224.
[24]	黄莉. 石蜡/水相变乳液的稳定性能和储能容量[J]. 材料研究学报, 2017, 31(10):789-795. HUANG L. Stability and heat storage capacity of phase change emulsion of paraffin/water[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(10):789-795.
[25]	SCHRAMM L L. Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions[M]. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005:60-75.
[26]	黄莉. 石蜡/水相变微乳液流变性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2016, 37(9):1911-1917. HUANG L. Rheological study of paraffin phase change emulsion[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2016, 37(9):1911-1917.
[27]	CHOI E, CHO Y, LORSCH H G. Effects of emulsifier on particle size of a phase change material in a mixture with water[J]. International Communications in Heat Mass Transfer, 1991, 18(6):759-766.
[28]	MULLIN J W. Crystallization[M]. 3rd ed. Great Britain:Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993:11-30.
[29]	KUDO K, NAKATA K, KURODA A, et al. Study on super cooling of slurry containing phase change material[J]. Thermal Science & Engineering, 2004, 12(4):53-54.
[30]	GUENTHER L, HUANG L, DOETSCH C, et al. Subcooling in PCM emulsions(Ⅱ):Theory of nucleation effects[J]. Thermochimica Acta 2011, 522(1/2):199-205.