水土环境中微生物胞外聚合物对污染物迁移和归宿影响的研究进展

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180182

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在土壤和水环境中存在大量微生物，附着在其表面的胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances，EPS）在重金属及有机污染物等的迁移和转化中发挥着重要作用。以保护水土环境、提升污染水土修复效率的科学和工程问题为目标，针对近年来国内外对EPS的组成和结构、影响微生物EPS分泌的因素、EPS的提取方法以及其生物降解性等方面的研究成果进行了综合评述，系统分析了EPS参与土壤和水环境中金属及有毒有机物质生物降解和去除的微观机制，进而针对现有研究中存在的问题，对EPS在土壤和水环境中的进一步研究空间，特别是如何提高理解EPS的生物和化学修复工程意义提出展望。

关键词: 胞外聚合物, 土壤, 水环境, 吸附, 还原, 絮凝

Abstract:

There are a large number of microorganisms in the soil and water environment. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) attached on their surfaces play an important role in the migration and transformation of heavy metals and organic contaminants. This paper aims at protecting the water and soil environment, improving the level of problem-solving of science and engineering in remediation efficiency of contaminated water and soil. Various studies conducted so far about composition and structure of EPS, factors affecting the EPS secretion of microorganism, the EPS extraction methods and biodegradability of EPS were reviewed. The microscopic mechanism of EPS in biodegradation and removal of metals and toxic organic substances in soil and water environment was systematically analyzed. The further perspectives of EPS research in soil and water environment are proposed in considering the current problems and issues in the related studies, and particularly in supporting bio-chemical remediation engineering of contaminants using the EPS scientific understanding.

Key words: extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), soil, water environment, adsorption, reduction, coagulation

中图分类号:

武宇辉, 杨悦锁, 赵传起, 张茜, 陈煜, 徐斌. 水土环境中微生物胞外聚合物对污染物迁移和归宿影响的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(8): 3303-3317.

WU Yuhui, YANG Yuesuo, ZHAO Chuanqi, ZHANG Xi, CHEN Yu, XU Bin. A review on effects of extracellular polymeric substances on contaminants fate & transport in soil and water environment[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(8): 3303-3317.

参考文献 106

[1]	康福星. 水环境中微生物及其胞外聚合物与重金属作用机理研究[D]. 贵州:贵州师范大学, 2009. KANG F X. Reactive mechanisms between microorganism & extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and heavy metal in water columns[D].Guizhou:Guizhou Normal University, 2009.
[2]	LIU Y, FANG H H P. Influences of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on flocculation, settling, and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 2003, 33(3):237-273.
[3]	COMTE S, GUIBAUD G, BAUDU M. Relations between extraction protocols for activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and complexation properties of Pb and Cd with EPS(Ⅱ):Consequences of EPS extraction methods on Pb2+ and Cd2+ complexation[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006, 38(1):246-252.
[4]	BO F, PALMGREN R, KEIDING K, et al. Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin[J]. Water Research, 1996, 30(8):1749-1758.
[5]	SUCI P A, FROLUND B, QUINTERO E J, et al. Adhesive extracellular polymers of Hyphomonas MHS-3:interaction of polysaccharides and proteins[J]. Biofouling, 1995, 9(2):95-114.
[6]	RIJNAARTS H H M, NORDE W, BOUWER E J, et al. Bacterial adhesion under static and dynamic conditions[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 1993, 59(10):3255.
[7]	NEU T R, MARSHALL K C. Bacterial polymers:physicochemical aspects of their interactions at interfaces[J]. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 1990, 5(2):107.
[8]	MIKKELSEN L H, KEIDING K. Physico-chemical characteristics of full scale sewage sludges with implications to dewatering[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(10):2451-2462.
[9]	BRUUS J H, NIELSEN P H, KEIDING K. On the stability of activated sludge flocs with implications to dewatering[J]. Water Research, 1992, 26(12):1597-1604.
[10]	马楠. 活性污泥胞外聚合物对土壤中重金属的吸附效能及机制[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2007. MA N. Adsorption efficiency and mechanism of heavy metals in soil by extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007.
[11]	SHENG G P, ZHANG M L, YU H Q. Characterization of adsorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sludge[J]. Colloids & Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 2008, 62(1):83-90.
[12]	ZHANG Z, XIA S, WANG X, et al. A novel biosorbent for dye removal:extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of Proteus mirabilis TJ-1[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 163(1):279-284.
[13]	XU J, SHENG G P, MA Y, et al. Roles of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the migration and removal of sulfamethazine in activated sludge system[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(14):5298-5306.
[14]	许燕滨, 陈汝敏, 黄绍松, 等. 优势菌的EPS还原去除Cr(Ⅵ)的机理分析[J]. 中国给水排水, 2010, 26(15):99-101. XU Y B, CHEN R M, HUANG S S, et al. Analysis on reduction mechanism of chromium(Ⅵ) by EPS of predominant strain[J]. China Water and Wastewater, 2010, 26(15):99-101.
[15]	朱东强, 康福星. 一种纳米银制造工艺:103331454A[P]. 2013. ZHU D Q, KANG F X. A nano-silver manufacturing process:103331454A[P]. 2013.
[16]	JIA C, LI P, LI X, et al. Degradation of pyrene in soils by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from liquid cultures[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2011, 46(8):1627-1631.
[17]	KANG F, ZHU D. Abiotic reduction of 1, 3-dinitrobenzene by aqueous dissolved extracellular polymeric substances produced by microorganisms[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013, 42(5):1441.
[18]	MANGWANI N, KUMARI S, DAS S. Marine bacterial biofilms in bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) under terrestrial condition in a soil microcosm[J]. Pedosphere, 2017, 27(3):548-558.
[19]	MA F, ZHENG L, CHI Y. Applications of biological flocculants (BFs) for coagulation treatment in water purification:turbidity elimination[J]. Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 2008, 22(3):321-326.
[20]	LIAN B, CHEN Y, ZHAO J, et al. Microbial flocculation by Bacillus mucilaginosus:applications and mechanisms[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(11):4825-4831.
[21]	LIU X M, SHENG G P, LUO H W, et al. Contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the sludge aggregation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(11):4355-4360.
[22]	YE F, YE Y, LI Y. Effect of C/N ratio on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and physicochemical properties of activated sludge flocs[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 188(1/2/3):37-43.
[23]	YE F, LIU X, LI Y. Effects of potassium ferrate on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and physicochemical properties of excess activated sludge[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, s199/200(2):158-163.
[24]	COMTE S, GUIBAUD G, BAUDU M. Biosorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) resulting from activated sludge according to their type:soluble or bound[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2006, 41(4):815-823.
[25]	ZHANG W, CAO B, WANG D, et al. Variations in distribution and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biological sludge under potassium ferrate conditioning:effects of pH and ferrate dosage[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 106:37-47.
[26]	WEI X, FANG L, CAI P, et al. Influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on Cd adsorption by bacteria[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(5):1369.
[27]	程祯, 刘永军, 刘喆, 等. 好氧污泥强化造粒过程中EPS的分布及变化规律[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015, 9(5):2033-2040. CHENG Z, LIU Y J, LIU Z, et al. Distribution and changes of EPS in strengthening granulation process of aerobic sludge[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, 9(5):2033-2040.
[28]	SUN X F, WANG S G, ZHANG X M, et al. Spectroscopic study of Zn2+ and Co2+ binding to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from aerobic granules[J]. Journal of Colloid & Interface Science, 2009, 335(1):11-17.
[29]	刘静, 张道勇, 潘响亮, 等. 藻菌生物膜胞外聚合物(EPS)与Al3+的配位作用机理[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2009, 15(3):347-350. LIU J, ZHANG D Y, PAN X L, et al. Characterization of the complexation between Al3+ and extracellular polymeric substances prepared from alga-bacteria biofilm[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2009, 15(3):347-350.
[30]	KANTAR C, DEMIRAY H, DOGAN N M, et al. Role of microbial exopolymeric substances (EPS) on chromium sorption and transport in heterogeneous subsurface soils(Ⅰ):Cr(Ⅲ) complexation with EPS in aqueous solution[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82(10):1489-1495.
[31]	KANG F, ALVAREZ P J, ZHU D. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances reduce Ag+ to silver nanoparticles and antagonize bactericidal activity[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48(1):316-322.
[32]	LI Q, SAND W. Mechanical and chemical studies on EPS from Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans:from planktonic to biofilm cells[J]. Colloids & Surfaces B:Biointerfaces, 2017, 153:34-40.
[33]	LI C C, WANG Y J, DU H, et al. Influence of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances on the sorption of Zn on γ-alumina:a combination of FTIR and EXAFS studies[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 220:997-1004.
[34]	TSUNEDA S A H, HAYASHI H, YUASA A, et al. Extracellular polymeric substances responsible for bacterial adhesion onto solid surface[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2003, 223(2):287-292.
[35]	罗曦, 雷中方, 张振亚, 等. 好氧/厌氧污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取方法研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2005, 25(12):1624-1629. LUO X, LEI Z F, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Study on the extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from aerobic/anaerobic sludges[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(12):1624-1629.
[36]	ADAV S S, LEE D J. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granule with compact interior structure[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154(1/2/3):1120.
[37]	LIU H, FANG H H. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludges[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2002, 95(3):249.
[38]	GUIBAUD G, COMTE S, BORDAS F, et al. Comparison of the complexation potential of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), extracted from activated sludges and produced by pure bacteria strains, for cadmium, lead and nickel[J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 59(5):629-638.
[39]	ZHANG W, CAO B, WANG D, et al. Influence of wastewater sludge treatment using combined peroxyacetic acid oxidation and inorganic coagulants re-flocculation on characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)[J]. Water Research, 2016, 88:728-739.
[40]	高跃跃, 张承中, 葛洁. 脱硫菌胞外聚合物提取及分泌量影响因素研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(19):10233-10234. GAO Y Y, ZHANG C Z. GE J. Study on the extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from desulfurization bacterium and the influencing factors of its yield[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(19):10233-10234.
[41]	XIA L, ZHENG X, SHAO H, et al. Influences of environmental factors on bacterial extracellular polymeric substances production in porous media[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 519:3153-3162.
[42]	宋成康, 王亚宜, 韩海成, 等. 温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(7):2006-2013. SONG C K, WANG Y Y, HAN H C, et al. Effect of decreasing temperature on the performance and extracellular polymer substance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(7):2006-2013.
[43]	WILÉN B M, LUMLEY D, MATTSSON A, et al. Relationship between floc composition and flocculation and settling properties studied at a full scale activated sludge plant[J]. Water Research, 2008, 42(16):4404.
[44]	周律, 邢秀娟, 彭标, 等. 低水温下悬浮和附着活性污泥胞外多聚物特性[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, (9):1009-1015. ZHOU L, XING X J, PENG B, et al. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) characteristics and comparison of suspended and attached activated sludge at low temperatures[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2016, (9):1009-1015.
[45]	CZACZYK K, MYSZKA K. Biosynthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and its role in microbial biofilm formation[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2007, 16(6):799-806.
[46]	郑蕾, 田禹, 孙德智. pH值对活性污泥胞外聚合物分子结构和表面特征影响研究[J]. 环境科学, 2007, 28(7):1507-1511. ZHENG L, TIAN Y, SUN D Z. Effects of pH on the surface characteristics and molecular structure of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge[J]. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(7):1507-1511.
[47]	李延军, 李秀芬, 华兆哲, 等. 好氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物的产生及其分布[J]. 环境化学, 2006, 25(4):439-443. LI Y J, LI X F, HUA Z Z, et al. Production of extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granular sludge and its distribution[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2006, 25(4):439-443.
[48]	夏璐. 人工回灌含水层微生物堵塞机理与控制技术研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2015. XIA L. Study on the mechanism and control technology of bioclogging in artificial recharge aquifer[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2015.
[49]	赖信可. 镁、铝离子对生物膜及其胞外聚合物的作用规律研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学, 2016. LAN X K. Effect of Mg(Ⅱ)/Al(Ⅲ) on biofilm and its extracelular polymeric substances(EPS)[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technolog, 2016.
[50]	杨涛, 郝学凯, 陈宝玉, 等. Al3+对序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)中污泥脱氢酶活性(DHA)和胞外聚合物(EPS)的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, (4):1453-1459. YANG T, HAO X K, CHEN B Y, et al. Effects of Al3+ on dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR)[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018, (4):1453-1459.
[51]	简静仪, 宋卫锋, 李海宇, 等. 锌铜胁迫对Bacillus vallismortis EPS组分变化特征及其吸附性能的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017, (6):2099-2106. JIAN J Y, SONG W F, LI H Y, et al. Influence of the stress of Zn (Ⅱ) and Cu (Ⅱ) on component changes and sorption behavior of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Bacillus vallismortis[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, (6):2099-2106.
[52]	DONG W, YIFAN W, XIAODONG W, et al. Toxicity assessment of 4-chlorophenol to aerobic granular sludge and its interaction with extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 289:101-107.
[53]	ZHANG L, REN H, DING L. Comparison of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extraction from two different activated sludges[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2012, 66(7):1558-1564.
[54]	ALASONATI E, SLAVEYKOVA V I. Effects of extraction methods on the composition and molar mass distributions of exopolymeric substances of the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 114(2):603-609.
[55]	COMTE S, GUIBAUD G, BAUDU M. Effect of extraction method on EPS from activated sludge:an HPSEC investigation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 140(1/2):129-137.
[56]	张宇, 梁彦秋, 贾春云, 等. 不同方法提取PAHs高效降解菌EPS的特性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(4):1027-1033. ZHANG Y, LIANG Y Q, JIA C Y, et al. Characteristics of EPS extracted from a high efficient PAHs-degrading bacterium by different methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(4):1027-1033.
[57]	D'ABZAC P, BORDAS F, JOUSSEIN E, et al. Characterization of the mineral fraction associated to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in anaerobic granular sludges[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(1):412-418.
[58]	AZEREDO J, HENRIQUES M, SILLANKORVA S, et al. Extraction of exopolymers from biofilms:the protective effect of glutaraldehyde[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2003, 47(5):175.
[59]	BOURVEN I, COSTA G, GUIBAUD G. Qualitative characterization of the protein fraction of exopolymeric substances (EPS) extracted with EDTA from sludge[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2012, 104(104):486-496.
[60]	谢丹瑜, 康得军, 唐虹, 等. 活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法比较与热碱法优化[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(9):5295-5300. XIE D Y, KANG D J, TANG H, et al. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge and optimization of thermal-alkaline method[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(9):5295-5300.
[61]	张微. 四环素与胞外聚合物的相互作用及其对污泥耐药性的影响[D]. 上海:东华大学, 2014. ZHANG W. Interaction between tetracycline and extracellular polymers sustances(EPS)and its effects on actived sludge drug resistance[D]. Shanghai:Donghua University, 2014.
[62]	高景峰, 郭建秋, 陈冉妮, 等. 三维荧光光谱结合化学分析评价胞外多聚物的提取方法[J]. 环境化学, 2008, 27(5):662-668. GAO J F, GUO J Q, CHEN R N, et al. Composition of the efficiency of five excellular polymeric substances (EPS)extraction methods using three dimensional excitation and emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy together with chemical analysis[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2008, 27(5):662-668.
[63]	LASPIDOU C S, RITTMANN B E. A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and active and inert biomass[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(11):2711-2720.
[64]	WANG Z W, LIU Y, TAY J H. Distribution of EPS and cell surface hydrophobicity in aerobic granules[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2005, 69(4):469-473.
[65]	PARK C, NOVAK J T. Characterization of activated sludge exocellular polymers using several cation-associated extraction methods[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(8):1679.
[66]	PRIESTER J H, OLSON S G, WEBB S M, et al. Enhanced exopolymer production and chromium stabilization in Pseudomonas putida unsaturated biofilms[J]. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72(3):1988.
[67]	OR D, PHUTANE S, DECHESNE A. Extracellular polymeric substances affecting pore-scale hydrologic conditions for bacterial activity in unsaturated soils[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2007, 6(6):298-305.
[68]	GANG W, OR D. Aqueous films limit bacterial cell motility and colony expansion on partially saturated rough surfaces[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 12(5):1363.
[69]	PARK E J, SUL W J, AJM S. Glucose additions to aggregates subjected to drying/wetting cycles promote carbon sequestration and aggregate stability[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007, 39(11):2758-2768.
[70]	KANTAR C, DEMIRAY H, DOGAN N M. Role of microbial exopolymeric substances (EPS) on chromium sorption and transport in heterogeneous subsurface soils(Ⅱ):Binding of Cr(Ⅲ) in EPS/soil system[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82(10):1496-1505.
[71]	GERBERSDORF S U, JANCKE T, WESTRICH B, et al. Microbial stabilization of riverine sediments by extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Geobiology, 2008, 6(1):57.
[72]	ALLISON L E. Effect of microorganisms on permeability of soil under prolonged submergence[J]. Soil Science, 1947, 63(6):439-450.
[73]	夏璐, 郑西来, 彭涛, 等. 含水介质中胞外聚合物的影响因素研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(5):1199-205. XIA L, ZHENG X L, PENG T, et al. Effects of factors on extracellular polymeric substances in water-bearing medium[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2014, 34(5):1199-1205.
[74]	郝建安, 张晓青, 杨波, 等. 微生物表面活性剂应用新进展[J]. 生物技术, 2017, (4):396-402. HAO J A, ZHANG X Q, YANG B, et al. New application progress of microbial surfactant[J]. Biotechnology, 2017, (4):396-402.
[75]	MULLIGAN C N, YONG R N, GIBBS B F. Heavy metal removal from sediments by biosurfactants[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001, 85(1/2):111-125.
[76]	姜妍. 红平红球菌产生的生物表面活性剂及其在石油污染土壤修复中的作用[D].长春:东北师范大学, 2007. JIANG Y. Biosurfactant produced by Rhodococcus erythropolis and its effect in the bioremendiation of oil-contanminated soil[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University, 2007.
[77]	柴德芳, 宋萍, 申露文, 等. Aeromonas veronii N8活性菌体对Zn2+的吸附特征[J]. 中国科技论文, 2016, 11(15):1769-1774. CHAI D F, SONG P, SHEN L W, et al. Biosorption characteristic of Zn2+ by viable cells of Aeromonas veronii N8[J]. China Sciencepaper, 2016, 11(15):1769-1774.
[78]	梁君, 宋文成, 马金宝, 等. 微生物胞外聚合物对水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能研究[J]. 环境工程, 2016, (s1):226-229. LIANG J, SONG W C, MA J B, et al. Study on sorption performances of As(Ⅴ) by extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2016, (s1):226-229.
[79]	KUMARI S, MANGWANI N, DAS S. Interaction of Pb(Ⅱ) and biofilm associated extracellular polymeric substances of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NP103[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2017, 173:655-665.
[80]	JANG A, KIM S M, KIM S Y, et al. Effect of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Ni) on the compositions of EPS in biofilms[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2001, 43(6):41-48.
[81]	ZHANG Z, ZHOU Y, ZHANG J, et al. Copper (Ⅱ) adsorption by the extracellular polymeric substance extracted from waste activated sludge after short-time aerobic digestion[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research International, 2014, 21(3):2132-2140.
[82]	FANG L, WEI X, CAI P, et al. Role of extracellular polymeric substances in Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption on Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102(2):1137-1141.
[83]	SHENG G P, XU J, LUO H W, et al. Thermodynamic analysis on the binding of heavy metals onto extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(2):607.
[84]	SHENG G P, XU J, LI W H, et al. Quantification of the interactions between Ca2+, Hg2+ and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludge[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(7):1436-1441.
[85]	COMTE S, GUIBAUD G, BAUDU M. Biosorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) towards Cd, Cu and Pb for different pH values[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 151(1):185-193.
[86]	LI N, WEI D, WANG S, et al. Comparative study of the role of extracellular polymeric substances in biosorption of Ni(Ⅱ) onto aerobic/anaerobic granular sludge[J]. Journal of Colloid & Interface Science, 2017, 490:754.
[87]	孙雪菲. 金属离子在好氧微生物颗粒上的界面作用[D]. 济南:山东大学, 2011. SUN X F. Interfacial interaction of heavy metal ions and aerobic microbial granules[D].Jinan:Shandong University, 2011.
[88]	熊芬, 胡勇有, 银玉容. 烟曲霉胞外聚合物对Pb2+的吸附特性[J]. 环境科学学报, 2009, 29(11):2289-2294. XIONG F, HU Y Y, YIN Y R. Biosorption of Pb2+ by extracellular polymeric substances produced by Aspergillus fumigatus[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2009, 29(11):2289-2294.
[89]	LIU W, ZHANG J, JIN Y, et al. Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) by extracellular polymeric substances extracted from aerobic granular sludge:efficiency of protein[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015, 3(2):1223-1232.
[90]	ZHANG D Y, PAN X L, MOSTOFA K M G, et al. Complexation between Hg(Ⅱ) and biofilm extracellular polymeric substances:an application of fluorescence spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 175(1/2/3):359-365.
[91]	GUIBAUD G, BHATIA D, D'ABZAC P, et al. Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) sorption by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from anaerobic granular biofilms:evidence of a pH sorption-edge[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2012, 43(3):444-449.
[92]	NCIBI M C, MAHJOUB B, SEFFEN M. Kinetic and equilibrium studies of methylene blue biosorption by Posidonia oceanica (L.) fibres[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 139(2):280-285.
[93]	MCKAY G, PORTER J F, PRASAD G R. The removal of dye colours from aqueous solutions by adsorption on low-cost materials[J]. Water Air & Soil Pollution, 1999, 114(3/4):423-438.
[94]	孔旺盛. 染料的生物污泥吸附及胞外聚合物(EPS)的作用[D].上海:复旦大学, 2007. KONG W S. Adsorption of dyes by sludges and the roles of extracellular polymeric substances[D].Shanghai:Fudan University, 2007.
[95]	包宜俊, 杨存满, 李颖, 等. 光谱法研究胞外聚合物与四溴双酚A的相互作用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(6):1773-1779. BAO Y J, YANG C M, LI Y, et al. Spectroscopic methods study of the interaction of extracellular polymeric substance and tetrabromobisphenol A[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(6):1773-1779.
[96]	TOGOLA A, BUDZINSKI H. Multi-residue analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous samples[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2008, 1177(1):150.
[97]	SCOTT L, MCGEE P, WALSH C, et al. Detection of numerous verotoxigenic E. coli serotypes, with multiple antibiotic resistance from cattle faeces and soil[J]. Veterinary Microbiology, 2009, 134(3):288-293.
[98]	鲍艳宇, 周启星, 谢秀杰. 四环素类抗生素对小麦种子芽与根伸长的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2008, 28(6):566-570. BAO Y Y, ZHOU Q X, XIE X J. Influence of tetracycline kind antibiotics on the control of wheat germination and root elongation[J].China Environmental Science, 2008, 28(6):566-570.
[99]	王慧珠, 罗义, 徐文青, 等. 四环素和金霉素对水生生物的生态毒性效应[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(4):1536-1539. WANG H Z, LUO Y, XU W Q, et al. Ecotoxic effects of tetracycline and chlortetracycline on aquatic organisms[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(4):1536-1539.
[100]	JONES O A, LESTER J N, VOULVOULIS N. Pharmaceuticals:a threat to drinking water?[J]. Trends in Biotechnology, 2005, 23(4):163-167.
[101]	王静, 张程程, 吉芳英, 等. 磺胺类抗生素与胞外聚合物作用的热化学机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, (10):3758-3763. WANG J, ZHANG C C, JI F Y, et al. Thermochemical mechanism of the interaction between sulfamethazine antibiotics and extracellular polymers[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, (10):3758-3763.
[102]	WANG L, LI Y, WANG L, et al. Responses of biofilm microorganisms from moving bed biofilm reactor to antibiotics exposure:protective role of extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 254:268-277.
[103]	姜春阳, 贾春云, 张丽芳, 等. 微生物胞外聚合物对土壤中芘降解效果的促进作用[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(6):303-306. JIANG C Y, JIA C Y, ZHANG L F, et al. The effect of microbial extracellular polymers on the degradation of pyrene in soil[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(6):303-306.
[104]	谷玥, 贾春云, 刘志红, 等. 分枝杆菌胞外聚合物(EPS)对芘增溶作用的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(4):445-448. GU Y, JIA C Y, LIU Z H, et al. Effect of Mycobacterium extracellular polymer (EPS) on the solubilization of pyrene[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(4):445-448.
[105]	GONG W X, WANG S G, SUN X F, et al. Bioflocculant production by culture of Serratia ficaria and its application in wastewater treatment[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(11):4668-4674.
[106]	KANG F, ZHU D. Abiotic reduction of 1,3-dinitrobenzene by aqueous dissolved extracellular polymeric substances produced by microorganisms[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013, 42(5):1441.toxic effects of tetracycline and chlortetracycline on aquatic organisms[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(4):1536-9.
[100]	JONES O A, LESTER J N, VOULVOULIS N. Pharmaceuticals:a threat to drinking water?[J]. Trends in Biotechnology, 2005, 23(4):163-7.
[101]	王静, 张程程, 吉芳英, 等. 磺胺类抗生素与胞外聚合物作用的热化学机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 10):3758-63. WANG J, ZHANG C C, JI F Y, et al. Thermochemical mechanism of the interaction between sulfamethazine antibiotics and extracellular polymers[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 10):3758-63.
[102]	WANG L, LI Y, WANG L, et al. Responses of biofilm microorganisms from moving bed biofilm reactor to antibiotics exposure:Protective role of extracellular polymeric substances[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 254(268-77.
[103]	姜春阳, 贾春云, 张丽芳, 等. 微生物胞外聚合物对土壤中芘降解效果的促进作用[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(6):303-6. JIANG C Y, JIA C Y,ZHANG L F, et al. The effect of microbial extracellular polymers on the degradation of pyrene in soil[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(6):303-6.
[104]	谷玥, 贾春云, 刘志红, 等. 分枝杆菌胞外聚合物(EPS)对芘增溶作用的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(4):445-8 GU Y, JIA C Y, LIU Z H, et al. Effect of Mycobacterium extracellular polymer (EPS) on the solubilization of pyrene[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(4):445-8
[105]	GONG W X, WANG S G, SUN X F, et al. Bioflocculant production by culture of Serratia ficaria and its application in wastewater treatment[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(11):4668-74.
[106]	KANG F, ZHU D. Abiotic reduction of 1,3-dinitrobenzene by aqueous dissolved extracellular polymeric substances produced by microorganisms[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013, 42(5):1441.