CO2羽流地热系统热开采过程热流固耦合模型及数值模拟研究

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180368

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立了CO₂羽流地热系统（CPGS）热开采过程的热流固（THM）耦合模型，结合五点布井方案和多岩层三维几何模型，对一理想热储进行CPGS热开采数值模拟。分析了CPGS热开采过程中热储内的岩体变形特征及其对系统采热性能的影响，并研究了THM耦合下热储初始孔隙率对CPGS热开采的影响。结果表明：CPGS的运行会引起岩体的冷却收缩，造成热储表观体积的减小和热储孔隙率的增大，这有助于提高热储渗透率，加快地热开采速率，从而对地热开采产生积极影响。初始孔隙率越小，岩体变形对热开采的影响越明显。在假设初始渗透率相同的情况下，初始孔隙率越小，岩体变形引起的渗透率增幅越大，系统的热开采速率越快。

关键词: 岩层, 热储, 热流固耦合, 二氧化碳, 地热系统, 多孔介质, 数值模拟

Abstract:

A thermal-hydrologic-mechanical (THM) coupling model during the carbon dioxide plume geothermal system (CPGS) heat exploitation process was established. An ideal geothermal reservoir geothermal exploitation process was studied numerically, which combined with five-spot well pattern and a three-dimensional multi-rock formation geometric model. The rock deformation performance of CPGS geothermal exploitation process and the influence of rock deformation and geothermal reservoir initial porosity to CPGS heat exploitation were studied. The results showed that the rock significantly shrinkages during the process of the CPGS operation, reduces the volume, and increases the porosity of the reservoir. The deformation also helps increasing the permeability of thermal reservoir, accelerating the rate of exploitation process, and thus enhancing the geothermal exploitation process. While the porosity was lower, the influence of rock deformation was more obvious. Under the consumption that the initial permeability is the same, the smaller the initial porosity, the greater the increase in permeability caused by rock deformation, and the faster the thermal recovery rate of the system.

Key words: rock formation, geothermal reservoir, THM coupling, carbon dioxide, geothermal system, porous media, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 124

李静岩, 刘中良, 周宇, 李艳霞. CO₂羽流地热系统热开采过程热流固耦合模型及数值模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1): 72-82.

Jingyan LI, Zhongliang LIU, Yu ZHOU, Yanxia LI. Study of thermal-hydrologic-mechanical numerical simulation model on CO₂ plume geothermal system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(1): 72-82.

图/表 16

图1 THM模型三场耦合关系

Fig.1 Coupling relationship of THM

图2 五点式布井方案

Fig.2 Five-spot well pattern

图3 储层模型几何尺寸

Fig.3 Geometry (including geometric dimensions) of a doublet CPGS

表1 各岩层水文物性参数

Table 1 Hydrological and physical property parameter of rock stratum

参数	热储	盖岩和基岩
厚度/m	100	500
孔隙率	0.03	0
渗透率/m²	5 × 10^-14	N/A
密度/(kg·m^-3)	2600	2600
比热容/(J·(kg·K)^-1)	1000	1000
热导率/(W·(m·K)^-1)	2.5	2.5
杨氏模量/GPa	17	17
泊松比	0.25	0.25
Biot系数	0.47	0.47
热膨胀系数/K^-1	1×10^-5	1 × 10^-5
残余水饱和度	0.3	N/A
残余气饱和度	0.05	N/A
Brooks-Corey系数	2	N/A
孔隙注入压力/kPa	20	N/A

图4 不同网格数时热储B点处岩体温度随时间的变化曲线

Fig.4 Rock mass temperature of point B as a function of time

图5 不同时刻岩体各向位移分布

Fig.5 Distribution of each displacement at different time

图6 不同时刻热储孔隙率/渗透率的分布

Fig.6 Porosity/ permeability distribution of thermal reservoir at different time

图7 不同时刻的热储温度等值面分布

Fig.7 Temperature contour map distribution of thermal reservoir at different time

图8 生产流体温度随时间的变化曲线

Fig.8 Temperature of production fluid as a function of time

图9 生产流体质量流量随时间的变化曲线

Fig.9 Mass flow rates of production fluid as a function of time

图10 系统热提取率随时间的变化曲线

Fig.10 System heat extraction rates of production fluid as a function of time

图11 不同初始孔隙率下井间连线AB上的孔隙率分布（系统运行至15年时）

Fig.11 Porosity distribution of inter-well line AB with different initial porosities (operating time: 15 years)

图12 不同初始孔隙率下井间连线AB上的渗透率比率分布（系统运行至15年时）

Fig.12 Permeability ratio distribution of inter-well line AB with different initial porosities (operating time: 15 years)

图13 不同初始孔隙率下生产流体温度随时间变化曲线

Fig.13 Production fluid temperatures with different initial porosities as a function of time

图14 不同初始孔隙率下生产流体质量流量

Fig.14 Production fluid mass flow rates with different initial porosities as a function of time

图15 不同初始孔隙率下系统热提取率随时间变化曲线

Fig.15 System heat extraction rates with different initial porosities as a function of time

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CO₂羽流地热系统热开采过程热流固耦合模型及数值模拟研究

Study of thermal-hydrologic-mechanical numerical simulation model on CO₂ plume geothermal system

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