内浮顶罐组油气泄漏扩散叠加效应的数值模拟与风洞实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190338

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内浮顶罐的油气泄漏会给油罐区的安全和环境带来潜在的危害。基于CFD及其Realizable k-ε湍流模型，建立了内浮顶罐的风场和油气浓度场数值模拟方法，并通过风洞实验验证其可行性。之后，重点讨论单罐、双罐、四罐情况下的流场与浓度场分布。结果显示：紧贴浮盘边圈缝隙泄漏上方的油气浓度最高，容易产生火灾等危险；罐组之间存在相互影响作用，由于前方罐的阻挡作用，后方的罐内风速较小，容易产生油气叠加，导致油气浓度高于前方罐，更容易达到爆炸极限。无论从安全、环保还是人员健康方面，都应采取相应措施及时监控。

关键词: 内浮顶罐, 油气, 风洞, 数值模拟, 扩散, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

Oil vapor leakage from the internal floating-roof tank will bring potential hazards to the safety and environment of the oil depot. Based on CFD and its Realizable k-ε turbulence model, the numerical simulation method of the wind field and the oil vapor concentration field of the internal floating-roof tank was established, and its feasibility was verified by the wind tunnel experiments. After that, focus on the flow field and concentration field distribution in the case of single tank, double tank and four tank. The results show that the greatest concentration of the oil vapor is found near the rim gap of the floating deck, which will be prone to fire and other dangers. There is interaction between tank groups. Because of the blocking effect of the front tank, the wind speed in the rear tank is smaller, which is easy to produce the oil vapor superposition, resulting in the concentration of the oil vapor in the rear tank is higher than that in the front tank, so it is easier to reach the explosion limit. Whether in terms of safety, environmental protection or personnel health, appropriate measures should be taken to timely monitor and control.

Key words: internal floating-roof tank, oil vapor, wind-tunnel, numerical simulation, diffusion, CFD

中图分类号:

X 51

黄维秋, 方洁, 吕成, 吕爱华, 孙宪航. 内浮顶罐组油气泄漏扩散叠加效应的数值模拟与风洞实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(11): 4504-4516.

Weiqiu HUANG, Jie FANG, Cheng LYU, Aihua LYU, Xianhang SUN. Numerical simulation of oil vapor leakage and diffusion superposition effect of internal floating-roof tank group and experimental investigation on wind-tunnel[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(11): 4504-4516.

图/表 24

图1 风洞实验中气流经过储罐形成的涡流死角

Fig.1 Vortexes formed by airflow through tank in wind tunnel experiment

图2 风洞外观图

Fig.2 Wind tunnel for experiments

图3 风洞实验示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of wind tunnel experiment

图4 几何模型及计算域

Fig.4 Geometric model and computational domain

图5 风速分布的模拟与实验值对比

Fig.5 Comparison of simulated and experimental values of wind speed distribution

图6 浓度分布的模拟与实验值对比

Fig.6 Comparison of simulated and experimental values of concentration distribution

图7 单罐XY截面的X轴速度云图

Fig.7 Wind speed cloud diagram of internal floating-roof tank on XY plane along X axis

图8 双罐XY面X轴速度云图

Fig.8 Wind speed cloud diagram of double internal floating-roof tanks on XY plane along X axis

图9 罐C1与罐C4的XY面X轴速度云图

Fig.9 Wind speed cloud diagram of tank C1 and tank C4 on XY plane along X axis

图10 罐C2与罐C3的XY面X轴速度云图

Fig.10 Wind speed cloud diagram of tank C2 and tank C3 on XY plane along X axis

图11 单罐内XZ平面流线图

Fig.11 Flow diagrams of vapor movement in internal floating-roof tank on XZ plane

图12 单罐XY平面罐内气体流线图

Fig.12 Flow diagrams of vapor movement in internal floating-roof tank on XY plane

图13 双罐罐内气体运动流线

Fig.13 Flow diagrams of vapor movement in double internal floating-roof tanks

图14 四罐罐内气体运动流线图

Fig.14 Flow diagrams of vapor movement in four internal floating-roof tanks

图15 四罐气窗高度的XZ面压力云图

Fig.15 Pressure distribution cloud diagram of four internal floating-roof tanks on XZ plane at height of vents

图16 单罐罐外气体流线图

Fig.16 Flow diagrams of vapor movement out of internal floating-roof tank

图17 双罐罐外气体流线图

Fig.17 Flow diagrams of vapor movement out of double internal floating-roof tanks

图18 四罐罐外气体流线图

Fig.18 Flow diagrams of vapor movement out of four internal floating-roof tanks

图19 单罐XY面油气浓度分布云图

Fig.19 Oil vapor concentration distribution cloud diagram in internal floating-roof tank on XY plane

图20 罐内随浮盘径向距离分布的油气浓度

Fig.20 Oil vapor concentration distribution in internal floating-roof tank along radial distance on floating deck

图21 油气质量分数云图

Fig.21 Oil vapor mass fraction distribution cloud diagram

图22 四罐近地面高度XZ面的油气扩散分布

Fig.22 Oil vapor diffusion distribution of four internal floating-roof tanks on XZ plane near ground

图23 四罐罐内油气浓度云图

Fig.23 Oil vapor concentration distribution cloud diagrams in four internal floating-roof tanks

图24 四罐XZ平面气窗高度罐内油气浓度分布云图

Fig.24 Oil vapor concentration distribution cloud diagram in four internal floating-roof tanks on XZ plane at height of vents

参考文献 34

1	贾明岩. 基于CFD的油罐群风环境数值模拟[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2011, 11(8): 1881-1883.
	JiaM Y. Numerical simulation on wind environment of oil tank group based on CFD[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2011, 11(8): 1881-1883．
2	CarlosA B, RossanaC J, JorgeL L, et al. Wind buckling of tanks with conical roof considering shielding by another tank[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2014, 84: 226-240．
3	赵晨露, 黄维秋, 石莉, 等. 内浮顶罐中油气扩散运移的数值模拟[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2015, 15(3): 72-77.
	ZhaoC L, HuangW Q, ShiL, et al. Numerical simulation model of the oil-vapor diffusion and its migration from the internal floating-roof tank[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2015, 15(3): 72-77.
4	SaidN M, MhiriH, BournotH, et al. Experimental and numerical modelling of the three-dimensional incompressible flow behaviour in the near wake of circular cylinders[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2008, 96(5): 471-502.
5	MuddadaS, PatnaikB S V. An assessment of turbulence models for the prediction of flow past a circular cylinder with momentum injection[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2010, 98(10/11): 575-591.
6	AbdeldayemA M, BayomiN N. Experimental and numerical flow visualization of a single square cylinder[J]. International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics, 2006, 7(2): 113-127.
7	KondoN, MatsukumaD. Numerical simulation for flow around two circular cylinders in tandem[J]. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2005, 19(4): 277-288.
8	PasleyH, ClarkC. Computation fluid dynamics study of flow around floating-roof oil storage tanks[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2000, 86(1): 37-54.
9	孙国明, 关仲波. 基于CFD技术的油罐群风场数值模拟研究[J]. 化工机械, 2009, 36(5): 467-470.
	SunG M, GuanZ B. Numerical simulation study of the wind field around the oil can group based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technology[J]. Chemical Engineering & Machinery, 2009, 36(5): 467-470.
10	KountouriotisA, AleiferisP G, CharalambidesA G. Numerical investigation of VOC levels in the area of petrol stations[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 470/471(2): 1205-1224.
11	HouY, ChenJ Q, ZhuL, et al. Numerical simulation of gasoline evaporation in refueling process[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 9(8): 1-8.
12	刘君, 黄维秋, 彭群. 加油站油气扩散与回收效果的数值分析[J]. 环境工程学报, 2009, 3(5): 864-868.
	LiuJ, HuangW Q, PengQ. Numerical analysis of gasoline vapor diffusion and recovery results in gasoline stations[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2009, 3(5): 864-868.
13	金颖, 周伟国, 阮应君. 烟气扩散的CFD数值模拟[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2002, 2(1): 21-23.
	JinY, ZhouW G, RuanY J. CFD numerical simulation of gas diffusion[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2002, 1: 21-23.
14	SrikanthA, NarasimhanS. Modeling and simulation of unloading operations in petroleum product storage terminals[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2012, 46(35): 59-68.
15	StamoudisN, ChryssakisC, KaiktsisL. A two-component heavy fuel oil evaporation model for CFD studies in marine diesel engines[J]. Fuel, 2014, 115(1): 145-153.
16	HassanvandA, HashemabadiS H, BayatM. Evaluation of gasoline evaporation during the tank splash loading by CFD techniques[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010, 37(7): 907-913.
17	黄维秋, 王兆利, 纪虹, 等. 汽油装罐油气扩散排放的实验测定及数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(12): 4994-5005.
	HuangW Q, WangZ L, JiH, et al. Experimental determination and numerical simulation of vapor diffusion and emission in loading gasoline into tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(12): 4994-5005.
18	王兆利, 黄维秋, 纪虹, 等. 拱顶罐收油过程中油气扩散排放的数值模拟[J]. 石油学报（石油加工）, 2017, 33(2): 371-378.
	WangZ L, HuangW Q, JiH, et al. Numerical simulation of vapor diffusion and emission in loading gasoline into dome roof tank[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section), 2017, 33(2): 371-378.
19	BaetkeF, WernerH. Numerical simulation of turbulent flow over surface-mounted obstacles with sharp edges and corners[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1990, 35: 129-147.
20	BekeleS A, HanganH. A comparative investigation of the TTU pressure envelope—numerical versus laboratory and full scale results[J]. Wind and Structures, 2002, 5(2/3/4): 337-346.
21	刘国梁, 宣捷, 杜可, 等. 重烟羽扩散的风洞模拟实验研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2004, 4(3): 27-32.
	LiuG L, XuanJ, DuK, et al. Wind tunnel experiments on dense gas plume dispersion[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2004, 4(3): 27-32.
22	MaherF J. Wind loads on dome-cylinders and dome-cone shapes[J]. ASCE Journal of Structural Division, 1966, 92(5): 79-96.
23	PurdyD M, MaherP E, FrederickD. Model studies of wind loads on flattop cylinders[J]. ASCE Journal of Structural Division, 1967, 93(2): 379-395.
24	MacDonaldP A, KwokK C S, HolmesJ D. Wind loads on circular storage bins, silos and tanks(I): Point pressure measurements on isolated structures[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1988, 31(2): 165-187.
25	PortelaG, GodoyL A. Wind pressures and buckling of cylindrical steel tanks with a dome roof[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2005, 61(6): 808-824.
26	PortelaG, GodoyL A. Wind pressures and buckling of cylindrical steel tanks with a conical roof[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2005, 61(6): 786-807.
27	SabranskyI J, MelbourneW H. Design pressure distribution on circular silos with conical roofs[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1987, 26(1): 65-84.
28	王淑兰, 毕明树, 丁信伟, 等. 易燃气体扩散体积分数的实验研究[J]. 化学工程, 2003, 31(5): 62.
	WangS L, BiM S, DingX W, et al. Experimental study on the diffusion volume ratio of flammable gas[J]. Chemical Engineering, 2003, 31(5): 62.
29	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部, 中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局. 立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范: GB 50341—2014 [S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2014.
	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China. Code for design of vertical cylindrical welded steel oil tanks: GB 50341—2014 [S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2014.
30	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部, 中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局. 石油库设计规范: GB 50074—2014 [S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2014.
	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China. Code for design of oil depot: GB 50074—2014 [S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2014.
31	LatebM, MassonC, StathopoulosT, et al. Comparison of various types of k-ε models for pollutant emissions around a two-building configuration[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2013, 115:9-21.
32	崔鹏义, 李卓, 陶文铨. 街道峡谷内污染物扩散的风洞试验与数值分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2014, 35(12): 2491-2495.
	CuiP Y, LiZ, TaoW Q. Wind-tunnel experiment and numerical analysis on flow and dispersion in street canyons[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014, 35(12): 2491-2495.
33	UeharaK, WakamatsuS, OokaR. Studies on critical Reynolds number indices for wind-tunnel experiments on flow within urban areas[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2003, 107(2): 353-370.
34	景海波, 黄维秋, 纪虹, 等. 基于数值模拟技术的油气扩散风洞实验相似准则数研究[J]. 常州大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 31(4): 25-34.
	JingH B, HuangW Q, JiH, et al. Study on similarity criteria number of wind tunnel experiment for oil vapor diffusion based on numerical simulation technology[J]. Journal of Changzhou University(Natural Science Edition), 2019, 31(4): 25-34.

[1]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[2]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[3]	肖明堃, 杨光, 黄永华, 吴静怡. 浸没孔液氧气泡动力学数值研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 87-95.
[4]	叶展羽, 山訸, 徐震原. 用于太阳能蒸发的折纸式蒸发器性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[5]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[6]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[7]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[8]	温凯杰, 郭力, 夏诏杰, 陈建华. 一种耦合CFD与深度学习的气固快速模拟方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3775-3785.
[9]	汪林正, 陆俞冰, 张睿智, 罗永浩. 基于分子动力学模拟的VOCs热氧化特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3242-3255.
[10]	韩晨, 司徒友珉, 朱斌, 许建良, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰. 协同处理废液的多喷嘴粉煤气化炉内反应流动研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3266-3278.
[11]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[12]	程小松, 殷勇高, 车春文. 不同工质在溶液除湿真空再生系统中的性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3494-3501.
[13]	刘文竹, 云和明, 王宝雪, 胡明哲, 仲崇龙. 基于场协同和耗散的微通道拓扑优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3329-3341.
[14]	洪瑞, 袁宝强, 杜文静. 垂直上升管内超临界二氧化碳传热恶化机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[15]	岳林静, 廖艺涵, 薛源, 李雪洁, 李玉星, 刘翠伟. 凹坑缺陷对厚孔板喉部空化流动特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3292-3308.