基于数值模拟的马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室热效率研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190422

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蓄热室是马蹄焰玻璃窑余热回收、能源循环再利用的重要设备，它对于降低玻璃窑炉整体能耗有着重要的作用。热效率低的蓄热室不但会造成大量的能源浪费，还可能会减少玻璃窑炉的使用寿命，提高蓄热室的热效率已经成为了玻璃产业亟待解决的问题。为了研究蓄热室参数对热效率的影响规律，首先运用计算流体力学理论和多孔介质模型建立了蓄热室的数值仿真模型，然后结合热平衡分析和气体热力学性质变化规律，建立蓄热室热效率模型，最后运用Fluent对不同参数下蓄热室内部温度场与速度场进行仿真，同时从温度场中采集热效率计算数据并分析各参数对蓄热室热效率的影响规律。结果表明：在保证燃料燃烧充分的前提下，减小助燃空气进口速度、格子体孔隙率、格子砖当量直径有利于增大空气与格子体的传热量，提高蓄热室的热效率，而烟道口进口面积在0.9～1 m²时蓄热室的热效率较高。

关键词: 马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室, 数值模拟, 热效率, 多孔介质, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

The regenerator is an important equipment for waste heat recovery and energy recycling of the horseshoe flame glass furnace, which plays an important role in reducing the overall energy consumption of the glass furnace. The regenerator with low thermal efficiency not merely causes an ample amount of energy waste, but also may diminish the lifetime of the glass furnace. Enhancing the thermal efficiency of the regenerator has become a pressing problem to be solved in the glass industry. With the purpose of studying the influence of various parameters of regenerator on thermal efficiency, a numerical simulation model of regenerator is established by using computational fluid dynamics theory and porous media model. Subsequently, combined lance analysis and variation law of gas thermodynamic properties, a thermal efficiency model of the regenerator is established. Finally, Fluent is used to simulate the temperature field and velocity field inside the regenerative chamber with different parameters. Simultaneously, the thermal efficiency data for calculation is collected from the temperature field and the influence of each parameter on the thermal efficiency of the regenerator is analyzed. The results prove that under the premise of ensuring sufficient fuel combustion, reducing the combustion air inlet speed, checkers porosity and refractory brick equivalent diameter are beneficial to augmenting the heat transfer capacity of air and brick, as well as improving the thermal efficiency of the regenerator. Nevertheless, at inlet area of 0.9—1 m² the thermal efficiency of the regenerative chamber is higher.

Key words: regenerator of horseshoe flame glass furnace, numerical simulation, thermal efficiency, porous medium, CFD

中图分类号:

TQ 173

杨海东, 陈强, 徐康康, 朱成就. 基于数值模拟的马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室热效率研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4608-4616.

Haidong YANG, Qiang CHEN, Kangkang XU, Chengjiu ZHU. Thermal efficiency research of regenerator for horseshoe flame glass furnace based on numerical simulation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4608-4616.

图/表 15

图1 蓄热室三维模型简化图

Fig.1 3-D model simplification of regenerator

图2 马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室工作示意图

Fig.2 Working diagram of regenerative chamber of horseshoe flame glass furnace

图3 蓄热室热平衡分析

Fig.3 Heat balance of regenerator

表1 蓄热室热平衡

Table 1 Heat balance of regenerator

能源输入			能源输出
序号	名称	符号	序号	名称	符号
1	烟气供应的热量	Q _g _, _in	1	助燃空气带走的热量	Q _a _, _out
2	漏入空气带入热量	Q _a _,l	2	烟气带走热量	Q _g _, _out
3	助燃空气带入的热量	Q _a _, _in	3	墙壁及格子体的热损失	Q _loss

图4 基于数值模拟的蓄热室热效率研究流程

Fig.4 Flow chart of thermal efficiency study of regenerator based on numerical simulation

表2 蓄热室内部流体比热容系数值

Table 2 Specific heat capacity coefficient of fluid in regenerator

项目	α ₁	α ₂	α ₃	α ₄
助燃空气	969.1724	0.06781	0.0001656	-0.000000067797
烟气	1042	0.2333	0.0033	-0.000001224

表3 边界条件设定

Table 3 Boundary condition setting

项目	进口边界	出口边界	初始速度/(m/s)	初始温度/K	水力直径/mm
冷却期	烟道口	小炉口	3.2	300	140000
加热期	小炉口	烟道口	11.5	1710	75000

图5 蓄热室加热期和冷却期温度场分布云图/K

Fig.5 Temperature distribution of regenerator

图6 蓄热室加热期和冷却期的速度矢量图/(m/s)

Fig.6 Velocity vector of regenerator

图7 蓄热室不同高度下的截面平均温度

Fig.7 Average temperature at different heights of regenerator

表4 截面平均温度验证

Table 4 Average temperature validation

高度/m	助燃空气			烟气
高度/m	计算值/K	测量值/K	相对误差/%	计算值/K	测量值/K	相对误差/%
0	314.05	336.283	7.08	649.819	627.215	3.48
0.932	318.285	342.166	7.50	653.8342	632.03	3.33
1.431	369.7688	371.637	0.51	660.0112	640.212	3.00
2.929	593.2917	551.148	7.10	755.037	707.28	6.33
3.234	639.9325	604.107	5.60	795.2333	752.325	5.40
4.733	886.6022	883.041	0.40	1011.036	952.545	5.79
6.236	1106.313	1110.06	0.34	1210.864	1167.8	3.56
7.733	1320.603	1379.47	4.46	1416.951	1506.77	6.34
8.928	1475.839	1501.65	1.75	1576.296	1684.96	6.89
11.433	1523.976	1597.29	4.81	1665.53	1747.66	4.93

图8 空气进口速度对热效率及压力降的影响

Fig.8 Effect of air inlet velocity on thermal efficiency and pressure drop

图9 烟道口进口边长对热效率及压力降的影响

Fig.9 Effect of inlet length of duct on thermal efficiency and pressure drop

图10 格子体孔隙率对蓄热室热效率的影响

Fig.10 Effect of checkers porosity on thermal efficiency and pressure drop

图11 格子砖当量直径对蓄热室热效率的影响

Fig.11 Effect of lattice bricks on thermal efficiency and pressure drop

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