钠化焙烧转炉钒渣粉体分形生长的演化行为

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转炉钒渣焙烧提钒技术效率低，过程涉及化学反应、传递及相变过程，蕴含物相分形生长的动力学行为。对钒渣分形变化规律的研究有助于促进钒的定向转化，进而对工业提钒具有指导意义。根据金相电镜图，使用“周长-面积法”对不同焙烧条件下钒渣粉体分形维数进行计算，得到分形维数变化与物相转化的规律。结果表明，焙烧前硅相、钒相紧密包裹，分形维数数值为1.60~2.00；加入碳酸钠焙烧后尖晶石破坏，钒相逐渐分离，使分形维数小于1.20；随着钠盐加入量的增加，物相分形维数逐渐下降；二次焙烧后，稳定的钒酸钠生成，体系趋于稳定，使得分形维数进一步下降为1.10~1.20。

关键词: 转炉钒渣, 非线性动力学, 分形, 粉体, 混沌

Abstract:

The vanadium slag roasting and vanadium extraction technology is inefficient, and the process involves chemical reaction, transmission and phase transformation process, and contains the dynamic behavior of fractal phase growth. The study of fractal variation of vanadium slag is conducive to promoting the directional transformation of vanadium and has a guidance for industrial vanadium extraction. According to the metallographic electron micrograph, the fractal dimension of vanadium slag powder under different roasting conditions was calculated by using the “circumference-area method”, and the variation of fractal dimension and phase transformation was obtained, and the law of fractal dimension change and phase transformation was obtained. The results showed that silicon phase and vanadium phase were packed tightly before roasting, and the value of fractal dimension was 1.60－2.00. The spinel was destroyed and vanadium phase was separated gradually after roasting with sodium carbonate, causing the fractal dimension to decrease below 1.20. With the increase of sodium salt addition, the fractal dimension gradually reduced. The second roasting made the system tended to be stable with sodium vanadate formed, and the fractal dimension further reduced to 1.10－1.20.

Key words: converter vanadium slag, nonlinear dynamics, fractals, powders, chaos

中图分类号:

TF 801.3

谢昭明, 邓容锐, 刘作华, 邓丽, 李千文, 张柱, 殷兆迁, 陶长元. 钠化焙烧转炉钒渣粉体分形生长的演化行为[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(5): 1904-1912.

Zhaoming XIE, Rongrui DENG, Zuohua LIU, Li DENG, Qianwen LI, Zhu ZHANG, Zhaoqian YIN, Changyuan TAO. Evolution behavior of fractal growth of sodium roasting converter vanadium slag powder[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(5): 1904-1912.

图/表 20

表1 本实验所使用转炉钒渣的主要化学成分（质量分数）

Table 1 Main chemical composition of converter vanadium slag used in this experiment/%(mass)

Fe	O	Si	V	Ti	Mn	Al	Cr
32.22	23.89	10.67	9.16	7.01	6.45	2.77	2.67

图1 转炉钒渣精粉金相电镜图

Fig.1 Metallographic electron micrographs of converter vanadium slag fine powder

表2 转炉钒渣精粉的主要物相组成(质量分数)

Table 2 Main phase compositions in converter vanadium slag fine powder/%(mass)

Composition	Content
fayalite	38.71
glass phase	29.65
chrome vanadium spinel	10.67
peridot	2.82
pseudobrookite	2.22
calciferrite	1.92

图2 转炉钒渣分形维数计算结果

Fig.2 Results of fractal dimension of converter vanadium slag fine powder

图3 转炉钒渣精粉不同矿相的分形维数

Fig.3 Fractal dimension of different ore phases of converter vanadium slag fine powder

表3 钒渣粉体样品制样条件

Table 3 Conditions for sample preparation of vanadium slag powder

No.

Conditions

100 g converter vanadium slag fine powder

100 g converter vanadium slag fine powder and 12.5 g sodium

carbonate

100 g converter vanadium slag fine powder and 25 g sodium

carbonate

表4 熟料1的主要物相组成(质量分数)

Table 4 Main phase compositions in clinker 1/%(mass)

Composition	Content
fayalite	31.52
oxidized chrome vanadium spinel	31.12
chrome vanadium spinel	14.42
glass phase	13.91
ferric vanadate	6.67
pseudobrookite	1.98
iron oxide	1.58
picotite	1.00

表5 熟料2的主要物相组成(质量分数)

Table 5 Main phase compositions in clinker 2/%(mass)

Composition	Content
sodium vanadate	15.89
iron oxide	12.63
chrome vanadium spinel	5.66
pseudobrookite	5.26
picotite	2.55
sodium carbonate	0.58
calcium vanadate	0.69

图4 三种熟料粉体金相电镜图

Fig.4 Metallographic electron micrographs of three kinds of clinker powder

表6 熟料3的主要物相组成(质量分数)

Table 6 Main phase compositions in clinker 3/%(mass)

Composition	Content
acmite	23.26
iron oxide	21.64
sodium vanadate	10.05
sodium carbonate	8.88
titanaugite	8.22
soda feldspar	7.66
pseudobrookite	4.82
fayalite	2.36
sodium carbonate	2.10
ferric vanadate	1.94

图5 三种熟料粉体的分形维数计算结果

Fig.5 Results of fractal dimension of three kinds of clinker powder

图6 焙烧后不同矿相的分形维数

Fig.6 Fractal dimension of different ore phases after roasting

表7 钒渣粉体样品制样条件

Table 7 Conditions for sample preparation of vanadium slag powder

No.	Conditions
4	100g clinker 3 and 25g sodium carbonate
5	100g clinker 3 and 100g fine powder

图7 二次焙烧熟料粉体金相电镜图

Fig.7 Metallographic electron micrographs of secondary roasting clinker powder

表8 熟料4的主要物相组成(质量分数)

Table 8 Main phase compositions in clinker 4/%(mass)

Composition	Content
sodium vanadate	23.19
acmite	20.19
iron oxide	12.63
soda feldspar	8.79
sodium carbonate	7.09
titanaugite	3.57
pseudobrookite	3.23
glass phase	2.78
fayalite	1.15
peridot	0.49

表9 熟料5的主要物相组成(质量分数)

Table 9 Main phase compositions in clinker 5/%(mass)

Composition	Content
acmite	26.04
ferric oxide	25.05
sodium silicate	7.60
albite	6.58
titanaugite	5.97
pseudobrookite	4.54
sodium carbonate	3.90
ferrochrome	3.63
sodium vanadate	3.57

图8 二次焙烧熟料粉体分形维数的计算结果

Fig.8 Results of fractal dimension of secondary roasting clinker powder

图9 二次焙烧后不同矿相的分形维数

Fig.9 Fractal dimension of different ore phases after secondary roasting

图10 精粉钒渣和不同焙烧条件下钒渣的XRD谱图对比

Fig.10 Comparison of XRD patterns of vanadium slag under different roasting conditions and fine powder

图11 钒渣焙烧前后结构

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of structure before and after roasting

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