考虑储层非均质时注汽井内蒸汽流动规律

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200374

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稠油热采水平井注蒸汽是一个复杂多变的过程，水平井沿程蒸汽热物性的预测对于储层的均匀动用十分关键。考虑储层渗透率、围压和蒸汽相变等条件的相互耦合影响，建立了预测水平井注汽流动的综合数学模型。与现场测井数据进行对比分析，验证了模型的准确度。模拟结果表明，单一变量条件下，水平井跟部注汽压力越大，注汽井内质量流量和蒸汽干度下降越快，当注汽压力由11 MPa降为8.5 MPa时，配汽距离增加1倍；在水平井相同位置处，跟部注汽干度越高，注汽井内质量流量越大，且蒸汽压力下降越快，注汽干度提高1倍时，压降也几乎增加1倍；跟部注汽流量越大，蒸汽压力下降越快，注汽流量提高1.75倍时压降提高了5.3倍，但管内蒸汽干度下降趋缓；储层渗透率越高，注汽井内的蒸汽干度下降越快。该模型可以为现场注汽提供理论支撑，有效提高配汽效果达到增产降耗。

关键词: 气液两相流, 热力学性质, 相变, 水平井, 注蒸汽, 非均质储层

Abstract:

Steam injection in horizontal wells for thermal recovery of heavy oil is a complex and changeable process. The prediction of thermal properties of steam along horizontal wells is critical to the uniform production of reservoirs. In this paper, considering the mutual coupling effects of reservoir permeability, confining pressure, and steam phase transition, a comprehensive mathematical model for predicting steam injection flow in horizontal wells was established. Compared with the on-site logging data, the accuracy of the model was verified. The simulation results show that under a single variable condition, the larger the steam injection pressure at the heel, the faster the mass flow and steam dryness decrease. When the steam injection pressure drops from 11 MPa to 8.5 MPa, the steam distribution distance doubles. At the same position, the higher the steam dryness at the heel, the greater the mass flow in the steam injection well, and the faster the steam pressure decrease. Double the steam injection dryness, the pressure drop is almost doubled, but the longer steam injection distance. The larger the steam injection flow at the heel, the faster the steam pressure decreases, and the decrease in the steam dryness in the tube slows down. When the steam injection flow increases by 1.75 times, the pressure drop increases by 5.3 times. The higher the reservoir permeability, the faster the steam dryness decreases. By obtaining the general rules of steam distribution in horizontal wells to provide theoretical support for on-site steam injection, the steam distribution effect can be effectively improved to increase production and reduce consumption.

Key words: gas-liquid flow, thermodynamic properties, phase change, horizontal well, steam injection, heterogeneous reservoir

中图分类号:

TE 03

李端,林日亿,王新伟. 考虑储层非均质时注汽井内蒸汽流动规律[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5479-5488.

LI Duan,LIN Riyi,WANG Xinwei. Steam flow law in horizontal wells when considering reservoir heterogeneity[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(12): 5479-5488.

图/表 10

图1 水平井注汽微元段分析图

Fig.1 Micro-element schematic of steam injection in a horizontal well

图2 蒸汽温度模拟结果与现场数据对比

Fig.2 Comparison of steam temperature simulation results with field data

表1 计算所用水平井基本参数

Table 1 Basic parameters of a horizontal well

参数	数值	参数	数值
水平井注汽管内径，D/m	0.076	储层热扩散系数, a_r/(m²/s)	0.8×10^-6
水平井注汽管外径, D_wo/m	0.0889	储层热导率, λ_r/(W/(m·℃))	2.9
井深, H/m	800	油藏厚度, H_r/m	20
水平井环空外径, D_hw/m	0.124	水平井长度, L/m	300
注汽管内壁绝对粗糙度, e/m	0.1×10^-3	油藏热容量, M_h/(J/(m³·℃）)	1.8×10⁶
储层水平方向渗透率, K_x/μm²	0.5	原油黏度, μ_oil/(mPa·s)	100000
储层深度方向渗透率, K_z/μm²	0.3	地表温度, T_surf/℃	20
高渗带深度方向渗透率, K_z_2/3/μm²	0.6/0.5	注汽时间, τ/s	110000

图3 射孔流量随注汽压力的变化规律

Fig.3 Variation of perforation flow with steam injection pressure

图4 蒸汽干度(a)和环空干度[(b)、(c)]随注汽压力的变化规律

Fig.4 Variation of steam dryness (a) and annular steam dryness [(b),(c)] with steam injection pressure

图5 蒸汽管内压力(a)和环空压力(b)随注汽干度的变化规律

Fig.5 Variation of steam pressure (a) and annulus pressure (b) in the tube with steam injection dryness

图6 射孔蒸汽流量随注汽干度的变化规律

Fig.6 Variation of perforated steam flow rate with steam injection dryness

图7 管内蒸汽压力(a)和干度(b)随注汽流量的变化规律

Fig.7 Variation of steam pressure (a) and dryness (b) with steam injection flow

图8 环空蒸汽压力(a)和射孔流量(b)随渗透率的变化规律

Fig.8 Variation of annulus vapor pressure (a) and perforation flow (b) with reservoir permeability

图9 环空蒸汽干度随渗透率的变化规律

Fig.9 Variation of annulus steam dryness with reservoir permeability

参考文献 31

1	Hein F J. Geology of bitumen and heavy oil: an overview[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 154: 551-563.
2	王勇, 王立敏. 提高能效低碳发展携手应对能源挑战——《BP2030世界能源展望》解读[J]. 国际石油经济, 2012, 20(4): 14-20.
	Wang Y, Wang L M. Improve energy efficiency and low-carbon development to meet energy challenges — on reading “BP Energy Outlook 2030” [J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2012, 20(4): 14-20.
3	李朋, 张艳玉, 孙晓飞, 等. 稠油油藏双管水平井注汽井筒参数预测新模型[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019, 26(4): 85-90.
	Li P, Zhang Y Y, Sun X F, et al. A new wellbore parameter prediction model for dual - tube horizontal well steam injection in heavy oil reservoir[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26(4): 85-90.
4	高一云. 水平井蒸汽吞吐技术在顶底水层状稠油油藏中的应用[J]. 石化技术, 2019, 26(1): 332.
	Gao Y Y. Application of horizontal well steam stimulation technology in top and bottom water layered heavy oil reservoirs[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2019, 26(1): 332.
5	齐国超. 超稠油水平井注汽优化设计及应用研究[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2018, 38(13): 106-107.
	Qi G C. Optimal design and application of steam injection in ultra-heavy oil horizontal wells[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, 2018, 38(13): 106-107.
6	马思洁. 水平井分段式注汽优化设计与应用[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2017, 37(18): 130-131.
	Ma S J. Optimized design and application of segmented steam injection in horizontal wells[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, 2017, 37(18): 130-131.
7	陈会娟, 李明忠, 狄勤丰, 等. 多点注汽水平井井筒出流规律数值模拟[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(6): 696-704.
	Chen H J, Li M Z, Di Q F, et al. Numerical simulation of the outflow performance for horizontal wells with multiple steam injection valves[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(6): 696-704.
8	郭春生, 徐明海, 薛世峰, 等. 水平井注蒸汽非稳态传热与流动分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 40(4): 116-120.
	Guo C S, Xu M H, Xue S F, et al. Process analysis of unsteady heat transfer and fluid flow during steam injection via horizontal wells[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2016, 40(4): 116-120.
9	郭春生, 薛世峰, 徐明海, 等. 水平井注汽启动阶段流动特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2016, 37(3): 567-572.
	Guo C S, Xue S F, Xu M H, et al. Research on heat and mass transfer characteristics of steam injection thermal recovery by horizontal well in star stage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2016, 37(3): 567-572.
10	肖翠, 刘辉, 杜建芬, 等. 水平井注汽开发浅层稠油油藏参数优化研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2014, 4(1): 50-53.
	Xiao C, Liu H, Du J F, et al. Research on parameter optimization of steam injection development technology of horizontal wells in shallow heavy oil reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2014, 4(1): 50-53.
11	王永佩. 水平井过热蒸汽循环预热井筒传热模拟[J]. 北京石油化工学院学报, 2019, 27(2): 11-16.Wang Y P. Simulation of superheated steam circulating in sealed wellbores[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 2019, 27(2): 11-16.
12	尹虎, 刘辉, 田璐. 稠油水平井蒸汽吞吐完井与注汽方式优化[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2014, 36(8): 137-140+8.
	Yin H, Liu H, Tian L. Optimization the modes of completion and injection of steam stimulation of horizontal well in heavy-oil reservoirs[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2014, 36(8): 137-140 + 8.
13	刘德铸. 稠油水平井均匀注汽技术[J]. 特种油气藏, 2014, 21(5): 127-129+157.
	Liu D Z. Uniform steam injection technology for heavy oil horizontal wells [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2014, 21(5): 127-129 + 157.
14	李金发, 栾智勇, 赵晓红, 等. 水平井均衡注汽技术[J]. 钻采工艺, 2013, 36(6): 48-50+4.
	Li J F, Luan Z Y, Zhao X H, et al. Uniform steam injection technology of horizontal well[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2013, 36(6): 48-50 + 4.
15	于连东. 世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J]. 特种油气藏, 2001, (2): 99-104+111.
	Yu L D. Distribution of world heavy oil reserves and its recovery technologies and future [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2001, (2): 99-104+111.
16	Guo K, Li H, Yu Z. In-situ heavy and extra-heavy oil recovery: a review[J]. Fuel, 2016, 185: 886-902.
17	李术元, 王剑秋, 钱家麟. 世界油砂资源的研究及开发利用[J]. 中外能源, 2011, 16(5): 10-23.
	Li S Y, Wang J Q, Qian J L. Research, development and utilization of oil sand resources in the world[J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2011, 16(5): 10-23.
18	李华锋, 王庆, 冯祥. 考虑井筒压降的水平井流速及压力分布研究[J]. 断块油气田, 2011, 18(3): 366-368.
	Li H F, Wang Q, Feng X. Research on flow velocity and pressure distribution of horizontal well considering wellbore pressure drops[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2011, 18(3): 366-368.
19	东晓虎, 刘慧卿, 庞占喜, 等. 稠油水平井平行双管注汽井筒参数计算模型[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(3): 939-945.
	Dong X H, Liu H Q, Pang Z X, et al. Model for steam properties in parallel-tubing horizontal wells of heavy oil reservoir[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2014, 45(3): 939-945.
20	Xu X. Analysis and calculation of the flow pressure in the multipoint steam injection string of a horizontal well [J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 2014, 686: 503-506.
21	Sun F, Yao Y, Li X, et al. Effect of friction work on key parameters of steam at different state in toe-point injection horizontal wellbores[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018, 164: 655-662.
22	Gu H, Cheng L, Huang S, et al. Thermophysical properties estimation and performance analysis of superheated-steam injection in horizontal wells considering phase change[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 99: 119-131.
23	Fan Z F, He C G, Xu A Z. Calculation model for on-way parameters of horizontal wellbore in the superheated steam injection[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(5): 798-805.
24	王一平, 李明忠, 高晓, 等. 注蒸汽水平井井筒内参数计算新模型[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 32(4): 127-132+205.
	Wang Y P, Li M Z, Gao X, et al. A new parameter-calculating model for steam flooding horizontal wellbore [J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2010, 32(4): 127-132 + 205.
25	陈新民. 水平井均匀注汽工艺在滨南油田的研究与应用[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2009, 16(2): 106-107.
	Chen X M. Research and application of uniform steam injection in the horizontal wells, Binnan Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2009, 16(2): 106-107.
26	倪学锋, 程林松. 水平井蒸汽吞吐热采过程中水平段加热范围计算模型[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32(5): 108-112.
	Ni X F, Cheng L S. Calculating models for heating area of horizontal wellbore in steam stimulation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32(5): 108-112.
27	Beggs D H, Brill J P. A study of two-phase flow in inclined pipes[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1973, 25(5): 607-617.
28	Williams R L, Ramey Jr H J, Brown S C, et al. An engineering economic model for thermal recovery methods[C]//SPE California Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1980.
29	陈月明. 注蒸汽热力采油[M]. 东营: 石油大学出版社, 1996: 146-148.
	Chen Y M. Steam Injection Thermal Recovery[M]. Dongying: Petroleum University Press, 1996: 146-148.
30	Chien S F. Empirical correlations of saturated steam properties[J]. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1992, 7(2): 295-303.
31	张丁涌. 稠油热采水平井温度测试及注汽剖面分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, (2): 124-131.
	Zhang D Y. Temperature test and injection profile analysis in heavy oil thermal recovery horizontal well [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2017, (2): 124-131.

[1]	张双星, 刘舫辰, 张义飞, 杜文静. R-134a脉动热管相变蓄放热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 165-171.
[2]	江河, 袁俊飞, 王林, 邢谷雨. 均流腔结构对微细通道内相变流动特性影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 235-244.
[3]	吴延鹏, 刘乾隆, 田东民, 陈凤君. 相变材料与热管耦合的电子器件热管理研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 25-31.
[4]	袁佳琦, 刘政, 黄锐, 张乐福, 贺登辉. 泡状入流条件下旋流泵能量转换特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3807-3820.
[5]	高燕, 伍鹏, 尚超, 胡泽君, 陈晓东. 基于双流体喷嘴的磁性琼脂糖微球的制备及其蛋白吸附性能探究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3457-3471.
[6]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[7]	史昊鹏, 钟达文, 廉学新, 张君峰. 朝下多尺度沟槽翅片结构表面沸腾换热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2880-2888.
[8]	史方哲, 甘云华. 超薄热管启动特性和传热性能数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2814-2823.
[9]	邢美波, 张中天, 景栋梁, 张洪发. 磁调控水基碳纳米管协同多孔材料强化相变储/释能特性[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 3093-3102.
[10]	高金明, 郭玉娇, 鄂承林, 卢春喜. 一种封闭罩内顺流多旋臂气液分离器的分离特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2957-2966.
[11]	张贲, 王松柏, 魏子亚, 郝婷婷, 马学虎, 温荣福. 超亲水多孔金属结构驱动的毛细液膜冷凝及传热强化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2824-2835.
[12]	刘起超, 周云龙, 陈聪. 起伏振动垂直上升管气液两相流截面含气率分析与计算[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2391-2403.
[13]	李振, 张博, 王丽伟. PEG-EG固-固相变材料的制备和性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2680-2688.
[14]	江锦波, 彭新, 许文烜, 门日秀, 刘畅, 彭旭东. 泵出型螺旋槽油气密封泄漏特性及参数影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2538-2554.
[15]	董鑫, 单永瑞, 刘易诺, 冯颖, 张建伟. 非牛顿流体气泡羽流涡特性数值模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 1950-1964.