筒体直径对旋风分离器性能的影响及其流场机制

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241069

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (5): 2367-2376.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20241069

筒体直径对旋风分离器性能的影响及其流场机制

牛宏斌¹(), 邱丽¹, 杨景轩¹^,²(), 张忠林¹^,², 郝晓刚¹^,², 赵忠凯³, 阿布里提⁴, 官国清⁴^,⁵

^1.太原理工大学化学工程与技术学院，山西太原 030024
^2.山西科化技术服务有限公司，山西太原 030027
^3.中国成达工程有限公司，四川成都 610041
^4.日本国立弘前大学理工学部，青森弘前 036-8224
^5.日本国立弘前大学地域战略研究所，青森弘前 036-8561

收稿日期:2024-09-25 修回日期:2025-01-02 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-13
通讯作者: 杨景轩
作者简介:牛宏斌（2000—），男，硕士研究生， 1684072056@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(22378285);山西省基础研究计划自然科学研究项目(202203021211164);国家留学基金委2022年度西部地区人才培养特别项目，地方合作项目地方创新子项目;山西科化技术服务有限公司项目(20210507)

Effect of cylinder diameter on cyclone performance and its flow field mechanism

Hongbin NIU¹(), Li QIU¹, Jingxuan YANG¹^,²(), Zhonglin ZHANG¹^,², Xiaogang HAO¹^,², Zhongkai ZHAO³, Abuliti ABUDULA⁴, Guoqing GUAN⁴^,⁵

^1.College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
^2.Shanxi Chemical Technology Service Corporation, Taiyuan 030027, Shanxi, China
^3.Chengda Engineering Corporation of China, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
^4.Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki Aomori 036-8224, Japan
^5.Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561, Japan

Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2025-01-02 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-13
Contact: Jingxuan YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

筒体直径是旋风分离器尺寸优化的核心，但关于其对性能的影响，文献报道了不同结果，且鲜有探讨其流场机制。在控制入口尺寸为145 mm×63 mm，入口气速为27.5 m/s，其他尺寸与筒径成一定比例的条件下，通过性能测试研究筒径对旋风分离器性能的影响；利用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics， CFD）探索流场机制。结果表明，压降随筒径增加而减小，切向速度的降低是主因。分离效率随筒径增加而先增后减，最佳效率筒径约410 mm。流场分析表明其与以下机制有关：分离器内气流切向速度和轴向速度随着筒径的增加而降低，但轴向速度降幅更大，且在大筒径中产生滞留现象，二者共同作用使内旋流对微小颗粒的二次分离能力随筒径增加而提高，返混逃逸率因此降低。筒径增大后，上行流区域扩张，排气管口较强的径向汇流对上行流产生影响，造成颗粒短路逃逸的同时也加剧了内旋流所持颗粒的逃逸，逃逸量随筒径增加而先减小后增大，最佳筒径处最低。增大筒径会使得排气管外形成上行流屏障，颗粒短路逃逸难度增大，但过分增加筒径会造成短路流量增加。

关键词: 旋风分离器, 两相流, 计算流体力学, 筒体直径, 性能

Abstract:

Cylinder diameter is the core of cyclone separator size optimization, but different results are reported in the literatures on its effect on performance, and its flow field mechanism is rarely explored. In this study, under the conditions of controlling the inlet size of 145 mm × 63 mm, the inlet gas velocity of 27.5 m/s, and the other dimensions are proportional to the cylinder diameter, the effect of cylinder diameter on performance is investigated through performance tests; and the flow field mechanism is explored using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that the pressure drop decreases with increasing cylinder diameter, and the decrease in tangential velocity is the main cause. The separation efficiency increases and then decreases with the increase of cylinder diameter, and the optimum efficiency is about 410 mm. The flow field analysis shows that it is related to the following mechanisms: the tangential velocity and axial velocity of the airflow in the separator decrease with the increase of cylinder diameter, but the axial velocity decreases more, and the stagnation phenomenon occurs in a large cylinder diameter, and both of them work together to make the secondary separation capability of the internal cyclone for small particles increase with the increase of cylinder diameter. Therefore, the mixing escape rate is reduced. After increasing the cylinder diameter, the upward flow area expands, and the strong radial convergence at the exhaust pipe mouth has an impact on the upward flow, causing particles to escape by short-circuiting and at the same time also aggravating the escape of the particles held by the internal cyclone, and the amount of escape decreases with the increase of the cylinder diameter, and then increases, with the lowest at the optimal cylinder diameter. Increasing the cylinder diameter will make the exhaust pipe outside the formation of airflow barrier, particle short-circuit escape more difficult, but too much increase in the cylinder diameter will cause an increase in the short-circuit flow.

Key words: cyclone separator, two-phase flow, computational fluid dynamics, cylinder diameter, performance

中图分类号:

TQ 051.8

牛宏斌, 邱丽, 杨景轩, 张忠林, 郝晓刚, 赵忠凯, 阿布里提, 官国清. 筒体直径对旋风分离器性能的影响及其流场机制[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(5): 2367-2376.

Hongbin NIU, Li QIU, Jingxuan YANG, Zhonglin ZHANG, Xiaogang HAO, Zhongkai ZHAO, Abuliti ABUDULA, Guoqing GUAN. Effect of cylinder diameter on cyclone performance and its flow field mechanism[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(5): 2367-2376.

图/表 12

图1 旋风分离器结构尺寸(a)，实验系统模型(b)，粒径分布(c)

Fig.1 Structural dimensions of the cyclone (a), model of the experimental system (b), particle size distribution (c)

表1 操作条件及几何尺寸

Table1 Operating conditions and geometry

V_in/(m/s)	a/mm	b/mm	D/mm	D_e/mm	H_d/mm	H_c/mm	S/mm	B/mm	备注
27.5	145	63	186	75	280	370	145	75	实验且模拟
			250	100	375	500		100	实验且模拟
			300	120	450	600		120	仅模拟
			340	136	510	680		136	仅实验
			410	164	615	820		164	实验且模拟
			500	200	750	1000		200	实验且模拟

图2 模拟验证

Fig.2 Simulated validation

图3 实验与模拟的切向速度对比

Fig.3 Comparison of experimental and simulated tangential velocities

图4 不同筒径分离器分离性能

Fig.4 Separation performance of separators with different cylinder diameters

图5 各结构中心截面的轴向速度云图及速度矢量图

Fig.5 Axial velocity clouds and velocity vectors for each structure centre section

图6 径向速度随轴向位置的变化

Fig.6 Variation of radial velocity with axial position

图7 Z=-1.2 D处的切向速度及轴向速度

Fig.7 Tangential and axial velocities at Z=-1.2 D

图8 筒径对返混逃逸的影响

Fig.8 Influence of cylinder diameter on back-mixing escape

图9 上行流区域界线

Fig.9 Boundaries of upstream flow areas

图10 各结构的排气管口径向汇流的影响

Fig.10 Effect of exhaust pipe aperture towards the sink for each structure

图11 返混逃逸面所在轴向位置的颗粒浓度分布

Fig.11 Particle concentration distribution at the axial position of the back-mixing escape surface

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筒体直径对旋风分离器性能的影响及其流场机制

Effect of cylinder diameter on cyclone performance and its flow field mechanism

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