离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181067

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (3): 791-800.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181067

离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望

曾少娟¹(),尚大伟¹,余敏^1,²,陈昊³,董海峰¹,张香平¹()

1. 中国科学院过程工程研究所，多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，离子液体清洁过程北京市重点实验室，北京 100190
2. 郑州大学化工与能源学院，河南郑州 450001
3. 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院，河南郑州 450000

收稿日期:2018-09-25 修回日期:2018-12-07 出版日期:2019-03-05 发布日期:2019-03-05
通讯作者: 张香平
作者简介:<named-content content-type="corresp-name">曾少娟</named-content>（1982—），女，博士，副研究员，<email>sjzeng@ipe.ac.cn</email>|张香平（1969—），女，博士，研究员，<email>xpzhang@ipe.ac.cn</email>
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21425625,U1662122,21506219,21838010);北京市自然科学基金项目(2182071)

Applications and perspectives of NH₃ separation and recovery with ionic liquids

Shaojuan ZENG¹(),Dawei SHANG¹,Min YU^1,²,Hao CHEN³,Haifeng DONG¹,Xiangping ZHANG¹()

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2. School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
3. Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China

Received:2018-09-25 Revised:2018-12-07 Online:2019-03-05 Published:2019-03-05
Contact: Xiangping ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氨（NH₃）是典型有毒有害工业气态污染物，也是形成PM2.5中二次颗粒物的根本原因之一，大量含氨气体的排放严重威胁人类的生活环境和健康。采用传统的酸法或水法，通常存在腐蚀性强、污染重、能耗高等问题，且难以回收利用氨资源。离子液体因其极低的挥发性、较好的化学/热稳定性、酸碱可调及高的氨溶解度等特点，为高效低能耗NH₃分离提供了新途径。综述了近年来国内外离子液体在NH₃分离中的研究进展，重点总结了常规离子液体、功能离子液体及离子液体溶剂/材料对NH₃的吸收/吸附性能，阐明了阴阳离子、功能基团对NH₃吸收性能的影响规律及其吸收机理，并探讨了该方向的研究和发展趋势。

关键词: 离子液体, 氨气, 吸收, 分离, 吸收机理

Abstract:

As one of the typical alkaline and poisonous pollutants, ammonia (NH₃) is widely considered as a primary factor for the formation of fog and haze, which has caused a wide range of environmental problems and serious harm to human health. The traditional technologies for NH₃ separation, like water scrubbing and acid scrubbing, have been applied in industries. However, some inherent drawbacks, such as severe corrosion, heavy pollution, high energy consumption, and hard to recover NH₃ resources come with yet. Ionic liquids (ILs) provide a novel way for efficient and energy-saving separation of NH₃ owing to their extremely low vapour pressure, good chemical/thermal stability and tuneable acidity and alkalinity. In this review, the recent advances on conventional ILs, functionalized ILs and IL-based solvents and materials for NH₃ absorption/adsorption have been overviewed. The NH₃ absorption capacities in different ILs were summarized and the effect of cations, anions and functional groups on NH₃ absorption and the mechanisms have been discussed, and the research and development trend of this direction are discussed.

Key words: ionic liquids, NH₃, absorption, separation, absorption mechanism

中图分类号:

TQ 530.11

曾少娟, 尚大伟, 余敏, 陈昊, 董海峰, 张香平. 离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(3): 791-800.

Shaojuan ZENG, Dawei SHANG, Min YU, Hao CHEN, Haifeng DONG, Xiangping ZHANG. Applications and perspectives of NH₃ separation and recovery with ionic liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(3): 791-800.

图/表 10

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离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	NH₃吸收量		参考文献
离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	/(mol NH₃?(mol absorbent)^-1)	/(g NH₃?(g absorbent)^-1)	参考文献
[Emim][BF₄]	20	140	0.274	0.024	[17]
[Emim][BF₄]	25	110	0.173	0.015	[17]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.465	0.035	[17]
[Hmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.581	0.039	[17]
[Omim][BF₄]	25	120	0.387	0.025	[17]
[Bmim][PF₆]	25	174	0.538	0.032	[19]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25.4	101	0.112	0.008	[19]
[Emim][NTf₂]	26.4	101	0.122	0.005	[19]
[Hmim][Cl]	24.8	101	0.252	0.021	[19]
[Emim][Ac]	25.3	101	0.348	0.035	[36]
[Emim][EtOSO₃]	24.6	101	0.342	0.025	[36]
[Emim][SCN]	25	101	0.188	0.019	[36]
[DMEA][Ac]	25	163	0.905	0.103	[36]
[Bmim][BF₄]	20	101	0.449	0.034	[31]
[EOHmim][BF₄]	20	101	1.703	0.135	[31]
[Choline][NTf₂]	20	101	1.857	0.064	[31]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	20	101	3.545	0.219	[33]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	40	101	1.381	0.085	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	20	101	2.125	0.190	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	40	100	0.887	0.079	[33]
[EtOHmim][NTf₂]	25	105.5	0.976	0.041	[38]
[EtOHmim][PF₆]	25	106.8	0.980	0.062	[38]
[EtOHmim][BF₄]	25	98.9	0.825	0.066	[38]
[EtOHmim][SCN]	25	95.3	0.538	0.050	[38]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	25	108.5	0.600	0.054	[38]
[EtOHmim][NO₃]	25	106.6	0.522	0.047	[38]
[Eim][NTf₂]	40	105.12	2.73	0.123	[39]
[Mim][NTf₂]	40	102.71	2.68	0.128	[39]
[Mmim][NTf₂]	40	98.63	2.40	0.108	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	30	119.43	0.25	0.010	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	40	100.49	0.20	0.008	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	60	114.60	0.19	0.008	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	30	98.82	2.18	0.202	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	40	96.59	1.96	0.182	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	60	102.56	1.56	0.145	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	40	82.92	0.15	0.013	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	60	79.87	0.09	0.008	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	30	100.09	1.50	0.136	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	40	141.53	1.72	0.156	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	60	122.40	1.14	0.104	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	30	114.28	0.30	0.025	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	40	128.32	0.22	0.018	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	60	104.86	0.13	0.011	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	30	115.38	0.25	0.020	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	40	103.42	0.12	0.009	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	60	126.48	0.14	0.011	[39]
[Bim][NTf₂]	40	101	2.69	0.113	[40]
[Bmim][NTf₂]	40	101	0.28	0.011	[40]
[HOOC(CH₂)₃mim][NTf₂]	40	101	1.54	0.059	[40]
[Bmim][Zn₂Cl₅]	50	103.5	8.025	0.305	[42]
[Emim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	5.99	0.198	[44]
[Bmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.03	0.180	[44]
[Hmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.09	0.166	[44]
[Emim][SCN]	30	101	0.18	0.018	[44]
[Bmim][SCN]	30	101	0.19	0.016	[44]
[Hmim][SCN]	30	101	0.20	0.015	[44]
[Bmim][MeSO₃]/urea（1∶1）	30	123.6	—	0.015	[47]
ChCl/Res/Gly (1∶3∶5)	40	101	—	0.130	[48]

离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	NH₃吸收量		参考文献
离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	/(mol NH₃?(mol absorbent)^-1)	/(g NH₃?(g absorbent)^-1)	参考文献
[Emim][BF₄]	20	140	0.274	0.024	[17]
[Emim][BF₄]	25	110	0.173	0.015	[17]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.465	0.035	[17]
[Hmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.581	0.039	[17]
[Omim][BF₄]	25	120	0.387	0.025	[17]
[Bmim][PF₆]	25	174	0.538	0.032	[19]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25.4	101	0.112	0.008	[19]
[Emim][NTf₂]	26.4	101	0.122	0.005	[19]
[Hmim][Cl]	24.8	101	0.252	0.021	[19]
[Emim][Ac]	25.3	101	0.348	0.035	[36]
[Emim][EtOSO₃]	24.6	101	0.342	0.025	[36]
[Emim][SCN]	25	101	0.188	0.019	[36]
[DMEA][Ac]	25	163	0.905	0.103	[36]
[Bmim][BF₄]	20	101	0.449	0.034	[31]
[EOHmim][BF₄]	20	101	1.703	0.135	[31]
[Choline][NTf₂]	20	101	1.857	0.064	[31]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	20	101	3.545	0.219	[33]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	40	101	1.381	0.085	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	20	101	2.125	0.190	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	40	100	0.887	0.079	[33]
[EtOHmim][NTf₂]	25	105.5	0.976	0.041	[38]
[EtOHmim][PF₆]	25	106.8	0.980	0.062	[38]
[EtOHmim][BF₄]	25	98.9	0.825	0.066	[38]
[EtOHmim][SCN]	25	95.3	0.538	0.050	[38]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	25	108.5	0.600	0.054	[38]
[EtOHmim][NO₃]	25	106.6	0.522	0.047	[38]
[Eim][NTf₂]	40	105.12	2.73	0.123	[39]
[Mim][NTf₂]	40	102.71	2.68	0.128	[39]
[Mmim][NTf₂]	40	98.63	2.40	0.108	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	30	119.43	0.25	0.010	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	40	100.49	0.20	0.008	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	60	114.60	0.19	0.008	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	30	98.82	2.18	0.202	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	40	96.59	1.96	0.182	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	60	102.56	1.56	0.145	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	40	82.92	0.15	0.013	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	60	79.87	0.09	0.008	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	30	100.09	1.50	0.136	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	40	141.53	1.72	0.156	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	60	122.40	1.14	0.104	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	30	114.28	0.30	0.025	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	40	128.32	0.22	0.018	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	60	104.86	0.13	0.011	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	30	115.38	0.25	0.020	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	40	103.42	0.12	0.009	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	60	126.48	0.14	0.011	[39]
[Bim][NTf₂]	40	101	2.69	0.113	[40]
[Bmim][NTf₂]	40	101	0.28	0.011	[40]
[HOOC(CH₂)₃mim][NTf₂]	40	101	1.54	0.059	[40]
[Bmim][Zn₂Cl₅]	50	103.5	8.025	0.305	[42]
[Emim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	5.99	0.198	[44]
[Bmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.03	0.180	[44]
[Hmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.09	0.166	[44]
[Emim][SCN]	30	101	0.18	0.018	[44]
[Bmim][SCN]	30	101	0.19	0.016	[44]
[Hmim][SCN]	30	101	0.20	0.015	[44]
[Bmim][MeSO₃]/urea（1∶1）	30	123.6	—	0.015	[47]
ChCl/Res/Gly (1∶3∶5)	40	101	—	0.130	[48]

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离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望

Applications and perspectives of NH₃ separation and recovery with ionic liquids

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离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望

Applications and perspectives of NH3 separation and recovery with ionic liquids

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Applications and perspectives of NH₃ separation and recovery with ionic liquids