电厂和碳捕集装置同步集成与调度优化研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201878

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于全球碳排放量持续增加所引发的环境问题日益严重，发展低碳技术迫在眉睫。在化石燃料发电厂的尾端加入碳捕集装置能够有效减少燃煤电厂的碳足迹，达成减排指标。然而，碳捕集装置的高设备成本以及运行所附带的效率惩罚和经济惩罚阻碍了其与电厂装置的集成与部署。为了在满足碳减排量的同时有效提高电厂和碳捕集装置的总体效益，建立了一个基于数学规划的系统优化设计与调度方法，将发电厂与一个增加烟气旁路和溶剂储罐的碳捕集装置进行集成，并在电厂蒸汽动力循环部分引入分级透平，旨在考虑电价波动的情况下，充分利用碳捕集装置的操作灵活性与蒸汽透平分级做功的优势，对集成系统进行调度优化。最后，通过算例验证了模型的可靠性与有效性，分析归纳了电厂与碳捕集装置协同调度的主要特性与规律。

关键词: 二氧化碳捕集, 蒸汽动力循环, 电厂, 系统工程, 优化

Abstract:

Due to the increasingly serious environmental problems caused by the continuous increase in global carbon emissions, the development of low-carbon technologies is imminent. Adding carbon capture device at the end of fossil fuel power plants can effectively reduce the carbon footprint of coal-fired power plants and achieve emission reduction. However, the high equipment cost, efficiency decrease, and economic penalty will pose huge challenges to the operation of carbon capture device, which hinders the wide deployment of integrated system of power plant and carbon capture device. In order to improve the economic benefit of the integrated system, this work integrates the power plant with a carbon capture device together, and optimizes the system in the manner of flexible scheduling by means of setting flue gas bypass and solvent storage tanks. Furthermore, a staged steam turbine superstructure of stream power cycle is introduced into the model so as to explore the deployment of turbines. The target of this work is to optimize the scheduling patterns under the consideration of electricity price fluctuation. Finally, the reliability and effectiveness of the model are verified through calculation examples, and the main characteristics and laws of the coordinated dispatch of power plants and carbon capture devices are analyzed and summarized.

Key words: CO₂ capture, steam power system, power plant, systems engineering, optimization

中图分类号:

于雪菲, 张帅, 刘琳琳, 都健. 电厂和碳捕集装置同步集成与调度优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1447-1456.

YU Xuefei, ZHANG Shuai, LIU Linlin, DU Jian. Simultaneous integration and scheduling of power plant and carbon capture device[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1447-1456.

图/表 9

图1 电厂和碳捕集装置耦合集成与同步调度超结构

Fig.1 Coupling integration and synchronous scheduling superstructure of power plant and carbon capture device

表1 部分重要设计参数

Table 1 Part of important design parameters

参数	含义与单位	数值
$c S T S$	CO₂捕集相关运输和储存成本/(USD·t^-1)	7
e_G0	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的CO₂排放强度/ (t·(MW·h)^-1)	0.76
g_min	最小总发电量/MW	300
LHV	燃料能提供的最低热值/(kJ·kg^-1)	29270
L_0,total	初始状态下贫液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
q_str	解吸单位质量CO₂所需能量/(kJ·t^-1)	3.84×10⁶
R_0,total	初始状态下富液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
$η G 0$	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的产电效率	0.44
$π G L$	发电厂与经销商的合同上电量定价/(USD·(MW·h)^-1)	51.7
$π E L$	碳排放总量交易市场中碳信用价格/(USD·t^-1)	12.3
$E G L$	发电厂一天内的额定碳排放量/t	4373
c_Q	燃料价格/(USD·kg^-1)	0.095

表1 部分重要设计参数

Table 1 Part of important design parameters

参数	含义与单位	数值
$c S T S$	CO₂捕集相关运输和储存成本/(USD·t^-1)	7
e_G0	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的CO₂排放强度/ (t·(MW·h)^-1)	0.76
g_min	最小总发电量/MW	300
LHV	燃料能提供的最低热值/(kJ·kg^-1)	29270
L_0,total	初始状态下贫液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
q_str	解吸单位质量CO₂所需能量/(kJ·t^-1)	3.84×10⁶
R_0,total	初始状态下富液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
$η G 0$	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的产电效率	0.44
$π G L$	发电厂与经销商的合同上电量定价/(USD·(MW·h)^-1)	51.7
$π E L$	碳排放总量交易市场中碳信用价格/(USD·t^-1)	12.3
$E G L$	发电厂一天内的额定碳排放量/t	4373
c_Q	燃料价格/(USD·kg^-1)	0.095

表2 计算结果

Table 2 Calculation results

相关项目	结果/(USD·d^-1)
相关项目	传统电厂	优化后电厂
固定电量合同收益	496320	496320
电力市场收益	107855	146333
产电费用	387595	370005
碳市场收益	16058	12639
CO₂运输和储存费用	45044	35351
日利润	187593	249936

图2 最优电厂和碳捕集装置结构

Fig.2 Optimized configuration of power plant and carbon capture device

图3 电厂发电量分配及其变化

Fig.3 Power generation, allocation and its variation

图4 CO2吸收/解吸速率的调度

Fig.4 Scheduling of CO2 absorption/desorption rate

图5 最优CO2捕集、排放调度方案

Fig.5 Optimized scheduling of CO2 capture and emission

图6 最优蒸汽动力循环调度

Fig.6 Optimized steam power cycle schedule

图7 贫、富液储罐内溶液体积变化

Fig.7 Solvent volume change in lean/rich tank

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