电厂和碳捕集装置同步集成与调度优化研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201878

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于全球碳排放量持续增加所引发的环境问题日益严重，发展低碳技术迫在眉睫。在化石燃料发电厂的尾端加入碳捕集装置能够有效减少燃煤电厂的碳足迹，达成减排指标。然而，碳捕集装置的高设备成本以及运行所附带的效率惩罚和经济惩罚阻碍了其与电厂装置的集成与部署。为了在满足碳减排量的同时有效提高电厂和碳捕集装置的总体效益，建立了一个基于数学规划的系统优化设计与调度方法，将发电厂与一个增加烟气旁路和溶剂储罐的碳捕集装置进行集成，并在电厂蒸汽动力循环部分引入分级透平，旨在考虑电价波动的情况下，充分利用碳捕集装置的操作灵活性与蒸汽透平分级做功的优势，对集成系统进行调度优化。最后，通过算例验证了模型的可靠性与有效性，分析归纳了电厂与碳捕集装置协同调度的主要特性与规律。

关键词: 二氧化碳捕集, 蒸汽动力循环, 电厂, 系统工程, 优化

Abstract:

Due to the increasingly serious environmental problems caused by the continuous increase in global carbon emissions, the development of low-carbon technologies is imminent. Adding carbon capture device at the end of fossil fuel power plants can effectively reduce the carbon footprint of coal-fired power plants and achieve emission reduction. However, the high equipment cost, efficiency decrease, and economic penalty will pose huge challenges to the operation of carbon capture device, which hinders the wide deployment of integrated system of power plant and carbon capture device. In order to improve the economic benefit of the integrated system, this work integrates the power plant with a carbon capture device together, and optimizes the system in the manner of flexible scheduling by means of setting flue gas bypass and solvent storage tanks. Furthermore, a staged steam turbine superstructure of stream power cycle is introduced into the model so as to explore the deployment of turbines. The target of this work is to optimize the scheduling patterns under the consideration of electricity price fluctuation. Finally, the reliability and effectiveness of the model are verified through calculation examples, and the main characteristics and laws of the coordinated dispatch of power plants and carbon capture devices are analyzed and summarized.

Key words: CO₂ capture, steam power system, power plant, systems engineering, optimization

中图分类号:

于雪菲, 张帅, 刘琳琳, 都健. 电厂和碳捕集装置同步集成与调度优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1447-1456.

YU Xuefei, ZHANG Shuai, LIU Linlin, DU Jian. Simultaneous integration and scheduling of power plant and carbon capture device[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1447-1456.

图/表 9

图1 电厂和碳捕集装置耦合集成与同步调度超结构

Fig.1 Coupling integration and synchronous scheduling superstructure of power plant and carbon capture device

表1 部分重要设计参数

Table 1 Part of important design parameters

参数	含义与单位	数值
$c_{S}^{T S}$	CO₂捕集相关运输和储存成本/(USD·t^-1)	7
e_G0	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的CO₂排放强度/ (t·(MW·h)^-1)	0.76
g_min	最小总发电量/MW	300
LHV	燃料能提供的最低热值/(kJ·kg^-1)	29270
L_0,total	初始状态下贫液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
q_str	解吸单位质量CO₂所需能量/(kJ·t^-1)	3.84×10⁶
R_0,total	初始状态下富液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
$η_{G 0}$	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的产电效率	0.44
$π_{G}^{L}$	发电厂与经销商的合同上电量定价/(USD·(MW·h)^-1)	51.7
$π_{E}^{L}$	碳排放总量交易市场中碳信用价格/(USD·t^-1)	12.3
$E_{G}^{L}$	发电厂一天内的额定碳排放量/t	4373
c_Q	燃料价格/(USD·kg^-1)	0.095

表1 部分重要设计参数

Table 1 Part of important design parameters

参数	含义与单位	数值
$c_{S}^{T S}$	CO₂捕集相关运输和储存成本/(USD·t^-1)	7
e_G0	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的CO₂排放强度/ (t·(MW·h)^-1)	0.76
g_min	最小总发电量/MW	300
LHV	燃料能提供的最低热值/(kJ·kg^-1)	29270
L_0,total	初始状态下贫液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
q_str	解吸单位质量CO₂所需能量/(kJ·t^-1)	3.84×10⁶
R_0,total	初始状态下富液罐内溶剂的体积/m³	7300
$η_{G 0}$	额定负荷下工作时发电厂的产电效率	0.44
$π_{G}^{L}$	发电厂与经销商的合同上电量定价/(USD·(MW·h)^-1)	51.7
$π_{E}^{L}$	碳排放总量交易市场中碳信用价格/(USD·t^-1)	12.3
$E_{G}^{L}$	发电厂一天内的额定碳排放量/t	4373
c_Q	燃料价格/(USD·kg^-1)	0.095

表2 计算结果

Table 2 Calculation results

相关项目	结果/(USD·d^-1)
相关项目	传统电厂	优化后电厂
固定电量合同收益	496320	496320
电力市场收益	107855	146333
产电费用	387595	370005
碳市场收益	16058	12639
CO₂运输和储存费用	45044	35351
日利润	187593	249936

图2 最优电厂和碳捕集装置结构

Fig.2 Optimized configuration of power plant and carbon capture device

图3 电厂发电量分配及其变化

Fig.3 Power generation, allocation and its variation

图4 CO2吸收/解吸速率的调度

Fig.4 Scheduling of CO2 absorption/desorption rate

图5 最优CO2捕集、排放调度方案

Fig.5 Optimized scheduling of CO2 capture and emission

图6 最优蒸汽动力循环调度

Fig.6 Optimized steam power cycle schedule

图7 贫、富液储罐内溶液体积变化

Fig.7 Solvent volume change in lean/rich tank

参考文献 31

1	International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2014[R]. 2014.
2	Wu X, Wang M H, Lee K Y. Flexible operation of supercritical coal-fired power plant integrated with solvent-based CO₂ capture through collaborative predictive control[J]. Energy, 2020, 206: 118105.
3	Wu Y, Chen X P, Ma J L, et al. System integration optimization for coal-fired power plant with CO₂ capture by Na₂CO₃ dry sorbents[J]. Energy, 2020, 211: 118554.
4	Liu M, Zhang X W, Yang K X, et al. Comparison and sensitivity analysis of the efficiency enhancements of coalfired power plants integrated with supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle and steam Rankine cycle[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 198: 111918.
5	Zhang S, Zhuang Y, Liu L L, et al. Risk management optimization framework for the optimal deployment of carbon capture and storage system under uncertainty[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 113: 109280.
6	Zhang S, Liu L, Zhang L, et al. An optimization model for carbon capture utilization and storage supply chain: a case study in Northeastern China [J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 231: 194-206.
7	Mechleri E, Lawal A, Ramos A, et al. Process control strategies for flexible operation of post-combustion CO₂ capture plants[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2017, 57: 14-25.
8	Zhang X L, Song P P, Jiang L. Performance evaluation of an integrated redesigned coal fired power plant with CO₂ capture by calcium looping process[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 170: 115027.
9	Wang T L, Hovland J, Jens K J. Amine reclaiming technologies in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 27: 276-289.
10	Zantye M S, Arora A, Faruque Hasan M M. Operational power plant scheduling with flexible carbon capture: a multistage stochastic optimization approach[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2019, 130: 106544.
11	Tan R R, Ng D K S, Foo D C Y. Pinch analysis approach to carbon-constrained planning for sustainable power generation[J]. Journal of Clean Production, 2009, 17: 940-944.
12	Pękala Ł M, Tan R R, Foo D C Y, et al. Optimal energy planning models with carbon footprint constraints[J]. Applied Energy, 2010, 87: 1903-1910.
13	Lee J Y. A multi-period optimisation model for planning carbon sequestration retrofits in the electricity sector[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 198: 12-20.
14	Abdilahi A M, Mustafa M W, Abujarad S Y, et al. Harnessing flexibility potential of flexible carbon capture power plants for future low carbon power systems: review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 81: 3101-3110.
15	van der Wijk P C, Brouwer A S, van den Broek M, et al. Benefits of coal-fired power generation with flexible CCS in a future northwest European power system with large scale wind power[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2014, 28: 216-233.
16	Wang J Y, Sun T W, Zeng X L, et al. Feasibility of solar-assisted CO₂ capture power plant with flexible operation: a case study in China[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 182, 116096.
17	Chen Q, Kang C, Xia Q, et al. Optimal flexible operation of a CO₂ capture power plant in a combined energy and carbon emission market[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2012, 27(3): 1602-1609.
18	Lawal A, Wang M, Stephenson P. Investigating the dynamic response of CO₂ chemical absorption process in enhanced-O₂ coal power plant with post-combustion CO₂ capture[J]. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4: 1035-1042.
19	He Z, Ricardez-Sandoval L A. Dynamic modelling of a commercial-scale CO₂ capture plant integrated with a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2016, 55: 23-35.
20	Haines M R, Davison J E. Designing carbon capture power plants to assist in meeting peak power demand[J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1: 1457-1464.
21	Cohen S M, Rochelle G T, Webber M E. Optimal operation of flexible post-combustion CO₂ capture in response to volatile electricity prices[J]. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4: 2604-2611.
22	van Peteghem T, Delarue E. Opportunities for applying solvent storage to power plants with post-combustion carbon capture[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2014, 21: 203-213.
23	Mac Dowell N, Shah N. The multi-period optimisation of an amine-based CO₂ capture process integrated with a super-critical coal-fired power station for flexible operation[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2015, 74: 169-183.
24	Mechleri E, Fennell P S, Mac Dowell N. Optimisation and evaluation of flexible operation strategies for coal- and gas-CCS power stations with a multi-period design approach[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2017, 59: 24-39.
25	Kirschen D S, Strbac G. Fundamentals of Power System Economics[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004.
26	Garces L P, Conejo A J. Weekly self-scheduling, forward contracting, and offering strategy for a producer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2010, 25(2): 657-666.
27	Vlachou A, The European Union's emissions trading system[J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2014, 38(1): 127-152.
28	Leung D Y C, Caramanna G, Maroto-Valer M M. An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 39(39): 426-443.
29	Aguilar O, Perry S, Kim J K, et al. Design and optimization of flexible utility systems subject to variable conditions(Part 1): Modelling framework[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007, 85(9): 1136-1148.
30	Reddy V S, Kaushik S C, Tyagi S K. Exergetic analysis and evaluation of coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant and natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2014, 16(3): 489-499.
31	王营营. 基于碳捕集的燃煤发电机组热力系统性能研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2015.
	Wang Y Y. Thermodynamic performance analysis of the coal-fired power plant with CO₂ capture[D].Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2015.

编辑推荐 0

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

823

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	10	11	0	802

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	157	666
比例	19%	81%

摘要

512

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

19	0	493

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	386	126
比例	75%	25%

[1]	杨欣, 王文, 徐凯, 马凡华. 高压氢气加注过程中温度特征仿真分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 280-286.
[2]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[3]	陈哲文, 魏俊杰, 张玉明. 超临界水煤气化耦合SOFC发电系统集成及其能量转化机制[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3888-3902.
[4]	齐聪, 丁子, 余杰, 汤茂清, 梁林. 基于选择吸收纳米薄膜的太阳能温差发电特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3921-3930.
[5]	陈国泽, 卫东, 郭倩, 向志平. 负载跟踪状态下的铝空气电池堆最优功率点优化方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3533-3542.
[6]	刘文竹, 云和明, 王宝雪, 胡明哲, 仲崇龙. 基于场协同和耗散的微通道拓扑优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3329-3341.
[7]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[8]	张曼铮, 肖猛, 闫沛伟, 苗政, 徐进良, 纪献兵. 危废焚烧处理耦合有机朗肯循环系统工质筛选与热力学优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3502-3512.
[9]	诸程瑛, 王振雷. 基于改进深度强化学习的乙烯裂解炉操作优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3429-3437.
[10]	吴文涛, 褚良永, 张玲洁, 谭伟民, 沈丽明, 暴宁钟. 腰果酚生物基自愈合微胶囊的高效制备工艺研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 3103-3115.
[11]	汤晓玲, 王嘉瑞, 朱玄烨, 郑仁朝. 基于Pickering乳液的卤醇脱卤酶催化合成手性环氧氯丙烷[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2926-2934.
[12]	文兆伦, 李沛睿, 张忠林, 杜晓, 侯起旺, 刘叶刚, 郝晓刚, 官国清. 基于自热再生的隔壁塔深冷空分工艺设计及优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2988-2998.
[13]	毛磊, 刘冠章, 袁航, 张光亚. 可捕集CO₂的纳米碳酸酐酶粒子的高效制备及性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2589-2598.
[14]	江锦波, 彭新, 许文烜, 门日秀, 刘畅, 彭旭东. 泵出型螺旋槽油气密封泄漏特性及参数影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2538-2554.
[15]	孙永尧, 高秋英, 曾文广, 王佳铭, 陈艺飞, 周永哲, 贺高红, 阮雪华. 面向含氮油田伴生气提质利用的膜耦合分离工艺设计优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2034-2045.