均衡运动旋转振动筛DEM数值模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旋转振动筛广泛应用于各行业对于粉体和胶体的分级。单电机旋振筛的激振力不通过振动体质心，使振动体随质心作圆运动和绕质心作圆锥摆运动。这种运动使得筛面上的垂直振幅不均匀，存在着颗粒物料向筛面周边扩散较快、物料层较厚、筛分效率较低、颗粒均匀度较差的问题。因此提出了一种均衡运动原理的旋振筛，通过DEM数值模拟，从筛分效率的角度直观比较了旋振筛在常规运动和均衡运动下的筛面物料运动规律、颗粒粒度分布情况、固相筛分效率及颗粒运动速度。研究表明：均衡运动下物料向筛面周边旋转扩散更为均匀，其物料层较薄，能有效提高旋振筛的固相筛分效率及筛分颗粒的均匀度，可较好解决颗粒粒径与筛孔孔径比在0.7~1.0之间时颗粒透筛相对困难的问题。

关键词: 旋转振动筛, 颗粒物料, 均衡运动, 数值模拟, 粒度分布, 筛分效率

Abstract:

Rotary vibrating screen is widely used in the classification of powders and colloids in various industries. The exciting force of single motor rotary vibrating screen does not pass through the mass center of vibrating body, so that the vibration system moves in a circular motion and a conical pendulum around the center of mass. This kind of movement makes the vertical amplitude on the screen surface uneven, and there are problems such as granular materials diffuse quickly to the periphery of the screen surface, the material layer is thick, the screening efficiency is low, and the particle uniformity is poor. Therefore, a rotary vibrating screen with the principle of balanced motion was proposed. Through DEM numerical simulation, the material movement law on the screen surface, particle size distribution and particle velocity of the rotary vibrating screen under normal motion were intuitively compared with which under balanced motion from the perspective of screening efficiency. The results show that the material rotates and diffuses more evenly around the screen surface under balanced movement, and the material layer is thinner, which can effectively improve the solid-phase screening efficiency of the rotary vibrating screen and the uniformity of the screening particles. It can better solve the relatively difficult problem of particle penetration when the ratio of particle size to sieve aperture is between 0.7 and 1.0.

Key words: rotary vibrating screen, granular materials, balanced motion, numerical simulation, size distribution, screening efficiency

中图分类号:

TQ 051.8

侯勇俊, 祝敬涛, 李华川, 吴先进, 蒋锐. 均衡运动旋转振动筛DEM数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2706-2717.

HOU Yongjun, ZHU Jingtao, LI Huachuan, WU Xianjin, JIANG Rui. DEM numerical simulation on rotary vibrating screen under balanced motion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2706-2717.

图/表 24

图1 单电机旋振筛结构简图1—cylinder seat; 2—vibration motor; 3—discharge tube for undersize material; 4—screen mesh; 5—screen box; 6—material inlet; 7—screen box cover; 8—discharge tube for oversize material; 9—upper eccentric block; 10—vibration isolation spring; 11—underlying eccentric block

Fig.1 Structure diagram of single motor rotary vibrating screen

图2 单电机旋振筛运动简化图

Fig.2 Simplified motion diagram of single motor rotary vibrating screen

图3 一种均衡运动旋振筛结构简图1—screen frame;2—vibration motor;3—discharge tube for undersize material;4—frame;5—annular screen mesh;6—material inlet;7—conveyor belt;8—rotary motor;9—eccentric axis;10—screen box;11—discharge tube for oversize material;12—bearing;13—motor base;14—vibration isolation spring

Fig.3 Simplified structure diagram of a rotary vibrating screen under balanced motion

图4 筛箱水平方向运动简化图

Fig.4 Simplified motion diagram of screen box in horizontal direction

表1 单电机旋振筛系统参数

Table 1 System parameters of single motor rotary vibrating screen

m₀/kg	r/m	M/kg	ω/(rad·s^-1)	k/(N·m)^-1
3	0.1	150	148	156000
l₁/m	l₂/m	J_z/(kg·m²)	J/(kg·m²)	c/(N·m·rad^-1)
0.23	0.29	0.188	48.23	18126

表2 单电机旋振筛仿真参数

Table 2 Simulation parameters of single motor rotary vibrating screen

Working condition	α/rad	A/mm	θ/rad	δ/rad
1	0.000	4.199	-0.005	1.571
2	0.262	4.163	-0.005	1.533
3	0.524	4.056	-0.005	1.495
4	0.785	3.880	-0.005	1.454
5	1.047	3.637	-0.005	1.408

表3 均衡运动旋振筛仿真参数

Table 3 Simulation parameters of rotary vibrating screen under balanced motion

Working condition	θ_z/rad	A_z/mm
1	0.021	1.029
2	0.021	1.021
3	0.020	0.997
4	0.019	0.958
5	0.018	0.903

图5 旋振筛DEM仿真的几何模型

Fig.5 Geometric model of DEM simulation of rotary vibrating screen

表4 材料特性参数

Table 4 Material characteristic parameter

Parameter	Particle	Rotary vibrating screen
Poisson's ratio	0.2	0.3
shear modulus /Pa	5×10⁷	7×10¹⁰
solids density /(kg·m^-3)	2600	7800

表5 碰撞特性参数

Table 5 Collision characteristic parameter

Parameter	Particle to particle	Particle to rotary vibrating screen
coefficient of restitution	0.003	0.4
static friction coefficient	0.3	0.5
rolling friction coefficient	0.010	0.002

表6 入料颗粒粒径分布情况

Table 6 The initial size distribution on particles

Parameter	Particle
Parameter	d/a=0.5—0.7	d/a=0.7—1.0	d/a=1.0—3.0
diameter /mm	2.4	3.4	5.0
number of particles /s^-1	500	1000	3500
percentage /％	10	20	70

图6 常规运动筛面上颗粒物料的分布情况（工况5）

Fig.6 The distribution of granular materials on the screen surface under normal motion (working condition 5)

图7 均衡运动筛面上颗粒物料的分布情况（工况5）

Fig.7 The distribution of granular materials on the screen surface under balanced motion (working condition 5)

图8 不同工况下物料在筛面上的扩散轨迹

Fig.8 Diffusion trajectory of materials on the screen surface under different working conditions

图9 常规运动颗粒迹线的分布情况（工况5，t=5.00 s）

Fig.9 Distribution of particle traces under normal motion (working condition 5, t=5.00 s)

图10 均衡运动颗粒迹线的分布情况（工况5，t=5.00 s）

Fig.10 Distribution of particle traces under balanced motion (working condition 5, t=5.00 s)

图11 两种运动的物料层分布情况（工况3，t=1.40 s）

Fig.11 Distribution of material layers under two kinds of motions (working condition 3, t=1.40 s)

图12 颗粒物料输送速度变化曲线（工况3）

Fig.12 Change curve of conveying velocity of granular materials (working condition 3)

表7 常规运动旋振筛的固相筛分效率及颗粒透筛率

Table 7 Solid phase screening efficiency and particle screening rate of rotary vibrating screen under normal motion

Working condition	Solid phase screening efficiency/％	Particle screening rate/％
Working condition	Solid phase screening efficiency/％	d/a=0.5—0.7	d/a=0.7—1.0
1	82.67	98.00	75.00
2	80.87	97.40	72.60
3	83.00	98.40	75.30
4	86.53	99.40	80.10
5	88.60	99.60	83.10

表8 均衡运动旋振筛的固相筛分效率及颗粒透筛率

Table 8 Solid phase screening efficiency and particle screening rate of rotary vibrating screen under balanced motion

Working condition	Solid phase screening efficiency/％	Particle screening rate/％
Working condition	Solid phase screening efficiency/％	d/a=0.5—0.7	d/a=0.7—1.0
1	90.27	98.60	86.10
2	89.60	99.40	84.70
3	90.07	97.80	86.20
4	91.53	99.00	87.80
5	93.47	99.20	90.60

图13 颗粒物料透筛速度变化曲线（工况3，d/a=0.5~0.7）

Fig.13 Change curve of screening velocity of granular materials (working condition 3, d/a=0.5—0.7)

图14 颗粒物料透筛速度变化曲线（工况3，d/a=0.7~1.0）

Fig.14 Change curve of screening velocity of granular materials (working condition 3, d/a=0.7—1.0)

图15 筛面上颗粒物料垂直方向速度变化曲线（工况3）

Fig.15 Change curve of vertical velocity of granular materials on the screen surface (working condition 3)

表9 不同筛孔孔径下旋振筛的固相筛分效率及颗粒透筛率（工况3）

Table 9 Solid phase screening efficiency and particle screening rate of rotary vibrating screen under different aperture size (working condition 3)

Condition	Solid phase screening efficiency/％	Particle screening rate/％
Condition	Solid phase screening efficiency/％	d/a=0.5—0.7	d/a=0.7—1.0
d=6 mm(normal motion)	84.13	98.60	76.90
d=6 mm(balanced motion)	91.93	98.20	88.80
d=8 mm(normal motion)	85.53	99.20	78.70
d=8 mm(balanced motion)	91.53	99.60	87.50

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