甲醇模块化生产中分时储热系统的优化设计

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211315

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“数量放大”为特征的模块化化工生产为克服原料供给和产品市场需求波动的生产流程优化操作提供新途径。为了提高生产系统的能量利用效率，需对生产系统中随时间变化的流股预热、冷却和反应热分时段进行储存和调度。针对可再生能源驱动的甲醇模块化生产系统，本文提出了分时储热策略，通过储罐设置及流股匹配、储罐储热温区确定和储罐容量配置及调度三步对甲醇模块化生产中分时储热系统进行优化设计，获得了分时储热系统的最优配置和优化调度方案。研究表明：在甲醇模块化生产系统中，分时储热系统可将前阶段的热量储存供后续阶段调用，以实现系统能量的最大化利用，而储热的适量废弃可降低储热系统的投资费用。本文所提出的储热系统优化方法可为波动生产过程中分时储热系统的优化设计提供分析工具。

关键词: 模块化生产, 甲醇, 分时储热系统, 优化设计, 模拟

Abstract:

Modular chemical production characterized by“numbering-up”provides a new way to optimize the production process to overcome fluctuations in raw material supply and product market demand. In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the production system, it is necessary to store and schedule the preheating, cooling and reaction heat of the streams that change over time in the production system. For the methanol modular production system driven by renewable energy, a time-sharing heat storage strategy for modular production of methanol was proposed, in which three steps are included, i.e. setting storage tank and matching streams, determining the temperatures of heat storage and configuring the capacities of tanks. The optimal design and scheme of heat storage can be obtained. The results showed that the time-sharing heat storage system can allocate the thermal energy in the previous stage to use in the subsequent stages in the methanol production system, which can maximize the utilization of energy in the system. The appropriate amount of heat storage can reduce the investment of the heat storage system cost. The proposed optimization method for heat storage systems can provide practical tools for analysis of the optimal design of the time-sharing heat storage system in the fluctuating production processes.

Key words: modular production, methanol, time-sharing heat storage, optimal design, simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 021.8

孔昕山, 黄仁星, 康丽霞, 刘永忠. 甲醇模块化生产中分时储热系统的优化设计[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 770-781.

Xinshan KONG, Renxing HUANG, Lixia KANG, Yongzhong LIU. Optimal design of time-sharing heat storage system for modular production of methanol[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 770-781.

图/表 12

图1 化学品模块化生产的分时储热系统

Fig.1 Time-sharing heat storage system for modular production of chemicals

图2 储热储罐设置流程

Fig.2 Heat storage tank setup flowchart

图3 甲醇模块化生产中单生产模块的简化工艺流程

Fig.3 Simplified process flow of single production module in methanol modular production

图4 一个典型天24 h内生产线数量的调度情况

Fig.4 Scheduling situation of the number of production lines for 24 h in a typical day

图5 一个典型天24 h内生产线换热器热负荷变化情况

Fig.5 Heat exchanger heat duty variation of the production line for 24 h in a typical day

图6 甲醇生产工艺流程的无分流换热网络

Fig.6 Heat exchanger network without stream splits for methanol production process

表1 储罐和空冷器的费用计算参数

Table 1 Cost calculation data for storage tanks and air coolers

Capital cost (C_cap)/USD		Maintenance cost (C_mai)/USD	Max LF (LF_max)	Lifetime (n)/y	Operating cost $(O P^{H E_{i j}})$ / (USD/MWh)
ST_ij	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{i j}} = 37.8 Q_{r a t e d}^{S T_{i j}}$	$C_{m a i}^{S T_{i j}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{i j}}$ ^[27]	0.85^[28]	20^[29]	—
HE₁₁	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}} = 780 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{11}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{11}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06
HE₁₂	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{12}} = 780 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{12}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{12}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06
HE₁₃	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{13}} = 1280 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{13}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{13}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06
HE₁₄	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{15}} = 1710 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{13}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{14}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06

表1 储罐和空冷器的费用计算参数

Table 1 Cost calculation data for storage tanks and air coolers

Capital cost (C_cap)/USD		Maintenance cost (C_mai)/USD	Max LF (LF_max)	Lifetime (n)/y	Operating cost $(O P^{H E_{i j}})$ / (USD/MWh)
ST_ij	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{i j}} = 37.8 Q_{r a t e d}^{S T_{i j}}$	$C_{m a i}^{S T_{i j}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{i j}}$ ^[27]	0.85^[28]	20^[29]	—
HE₁₁	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}} = 780 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{11}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{11}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06
HE₁₂	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{12}} = 780 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{12}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{12}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06
HE₁₃	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{13}} = 1280 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{13}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{13}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06
HE₁₄	$C_{c a p}^{H E_{15}} = 1710 P_{r a t e d}^{H E_{13}} + 2100$ ^[30]	$C_{m a i}^{H E_{14}} = 1 % C_{c a p}^{H E_{11}}$	1	10^[31]	23.06

表2 情形S1和情形S2中储罐容量配置

Table 2 The capacity configuration of storage tanks in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2

Scenario	ST₁₁/t	ST₁₂/t	ST₁₃/t	ST₁₄/t
S1	1.12×10⁴	1.08×10³	7.71×10³	8.68×10³
S2	1.12×10⁴	1.33×10²	7.38×10¹	8.20×10¹

表3 情形S1和情形S2中空冷器热负荷配置

Table 3 Heat exchanger heat duty configuration in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2

Scenario	HE₁₁/MW	HE₁₂/MW	HE₁₃/MW	HE₁₄/MW
S1	0	0	0	4.25
S2	1.24	0.53	2.15	4.25

表4 情形S1和情形S2中设备投资费用与操作费用

Table 4 Equipment costs and operating costs in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2

Scenario	Total cost/USD	ST cost/USD	HE cost/USD	Operating cost/USD
S1	1.15×10⁵	1.09×10⁵	7.81×10²	5.37×10³
S2	6.86×10⁴	4.79×10⁴	1.65×10³	1.91×10⁴

图7 不同情形下系统费用的对比

Fig.7 Comparison of the cost of the system in different scenarios

图8 情形S1和情形S2储罐的储能过程特性

Fig.8 Energy storage process of storage tanks in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2

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