化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (10): 4565-4575.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220778
季东(), 王健, 王可, 李婧玮, 孟文亮, 杨勇, 李贵贤, 王东亮, 周怀荣()
收稿日期:
2022-05-31
修回日期:
2022-07-05
出版日期:
2022-10-05
发布日期:
2022-11-02
通讯作者:
周怀荣
作者简介:
季东(1978—),男,博士,教授,jidong@lut.edu.cn
基金资助:
Dong JI(), Jian WANG, Ke WANG, Jingwei LI, Wenliang MENG, Yong YANG, Guixian LI, Dongliang WANG, Huairong ZHOU()
Received:
2022-05-31
Revised:
2022-07-05
Online:
2022-10-05
Published:
2022-11-02
Contact:
Huairong ZHOU
摘要:
大量的化石燃料燃烧导致温室气体排放增加,全球气候变暖。世界各国以全球协约的方式减排CO2,我国也由此提出“碳达峰·碳中和”目标。CO2捕集以及转化制液体燃料和化学品是双碳目标下行之有效的碳减排措施之一,不仅可以实现CO2的资源化利用,同时也缓解了国家能源安全问题。本文以燃煤电厂烟气CO2捕集和CO2合成甲醇为研究对象,分析了基于四种不同CO2捕集技术的CO2耦合绿氢制甲醇工艺。对四种不同CO2捕集技术的CO2制甲醇工艺进行了严格的稳态建模和模拟,分析和比较了不同CO2捕集技术情景下的CO2制甲醇工艺的技术和经济性能。结果表明,MEA、PCS、DMC和GMS情景的单位甲醇能耗分别是7.81、5.48、5.91和4.66 GJ/ t CH3OH,GMS情景的单位能耗最低,其次是PCS情景,但随着更高效相变吸收剂的开发,PCS情景的单位甲醇产品的能耗将降低至2.29~2.58 GJ/t CH3OH。四种情景的总生产成本分别是4314、4204、4279和4367 CNY/ t CH3OH,PCS情景的成本最低,更具有经济优势。综合分析表明PCS情景的性能表现最好,为可用于燃煤电厂最佳的碳捕集技术,为CO2高效合成燃料化学品提供方向,缓解化石燃料短缺和环境污染问题。
中图分类号:
季东, 王健, 王可, 李婧玮, 孟文亮, 杨勇, 李贵贤, 王东亮, 周怀荣. 不同CO2捕集技术的CO2耦合绿氢制甲醇工艺研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4565-4575.
Dong JI, Jian WANG, Ke WANG, Jingwei LI, Wenliang MENG, Yong YANG, Guixian LI, Dongliang WANG, Huairong ZHOU. Process research of methanol production by CO2 coupled green hydrogen with different CO2 capture technologies[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4565-4575.
参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
CO2/%(mol) | 14.6 |
N2/%(mol) | 77.9 |
O2/%(mol) | 3.3 |
H2O/%(mol) | 4.2 |
烟气流量/(kmol/h) | 40000 |
烟气进料温度/℃ | 42 |
烟气进料压力/bar | 1.09 |
表1 燃煤电厂烟气的工况参数
Table 1 The specifications of the flue gas
参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
CO2/%(mol) | 14.6 |
N2/%(mol) | 77.9 |
O2/%(mol) | 3.3 |
H2O/%(mol) | 4.2 |
烟气流量/(kmol/h) | 40000 |
烟气进料温度/℃ | 42 |
烟气进料压力/bar | 1.09 |
过程单元 | 关键参数 | 数值 |
---|---|---|
CO2捕集 | ||
MEA[ | 吸收温度 | 42℃ |
解吸温度 | 120℃ | |
MEA 消耗 | 465 t/h | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
PCS[ | 吸收温度 | 42℃ |
解吸温度 | 110℃ | |
贫相体积分数 | 41.2% | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
DMC[ | 吸收温度 | 30℃ |
吸收压力 | 3 MPa | |
闪蒸压力 | 5/1 MPa | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
GMS[ | CO2/N2选择性(一级膜) | 49 |
CO2渗透速率(一级膜) | 2000 GPU | |
CO2/N2选择性(二级膜) | 140 | |
CO2渗透速率(二级膜) | 700 GPU | |
渗透压力 | 0.6 MPa | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
CO2转化 | ||
MS[ | 反应温度 | 250℃ |
反应压力 | 5 MPa | |
MD[ | 进料温度 | 77℃ |
操作压力 | 0.1 MPa | |
塔板数 | 33 | |
回流比 | 2.3 | |
甲醇回收率 | 99.5% | |
甲醇质量分数 | 99.9% |
表2 不同二氧化碳捕集技术的CTM工艺建模和模拟过程的关键参数
Table 2 Key parameters for modeling and simulation of CTM process with four different CO2 capture technologies
过程单元 | 关键参数 | 数值 |
---|---|---|
CO2捕集 | ||
MEA[ | 吸收温度 | 42℃ |
解吸温度 | 120℃ | |
MEA 消耗 | 465 t/h | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
PCS[ | 吸收温度 | 42℃ |
解吸温度 | 110℃ | |
贫相体积分数 | 41.2% | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
DMC[ | 吸收温度 | 30℃ |
吸收压力 | 3 MPa | |
闪蒸压力 | 5/1 MPa | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
GMS[ | CO2/N2选择性(一级膜) | 49 |
CO2渗透速率(一级膜) | 2000 GPU | |
CO2/N2选择性(二级膜) | 140 | |
CO2渗透速率(二级膜) | 700 GPU | |
渗透压力 | 0.6 MPa | |
CO2 捕集率 | 90% | |
CO2转化 | ||
MS[ | 反应温度 | 250℃ |
反应压力 | 5 MPa | |
MD[ | 进料温度 | 77℃ |
操作压力 | 0.1 MPa | |
塔板数 | 33 | |
回流比 | 2.3 | |
甲醇回收率 | 99.5% | |
甲醇质量分数 | 99.9% |
反应 | k | E/(cal/mol) |
---|---|---|
(1) | 3.02×1014 | 9855.8 |
(2) | 1.33×1017 | 13249.0 |
(1)的可逆反应 | 5.52×1023 | 16518.0 |
(2)的可逆反应 | 6.63×1016 | 25656.0 |
表3 方程中的参数k和E
Table 3 The parameters k and E in the equations
反应 | k | E/(cal/mol) |
---|---|---|
(1) | 3.02×1014 | 9855.8 |
(2) | 1.33×1017 | 13249.0 |
(1)的可逆反应 | 5.52×1023 | 16518.0 |
(2)的可逆反应 | 6.63×1016 | 25656.0 |
反应 | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
(3) | 132.899 | -13446 | -22.4773 | 0 |
(4) | 231.465 | -12092 | -35.4819 | 0 |
(5) | 2.8898 | -3635.09 | 0 | 0 |
表4 平衡常数的各项参数
Table 4 The parameters of equilibrium constants
反应 | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
(3) | 132.899 | -13446 | -22.4773 | 0 |
(4) | 231.465 | -12092 | -35.4819 | 0 |
(5) | 2.8898 | -3635.09 | 0 | 0 |
CTM过程 | 天然气消耗/(t/h) | 电力消耗/MWh |
---|---|---|
CMEATM | 34.72 | 11.63 |
CPCSTM | 23.85 | 13.15 |
CDMCTM | 16.14 | 107.80 |
CGMSTM | 16.12 | 51.75 |
表5 CTM过程主要能量消耗
Table 5 Main energy consumption of CTM process
CTM过程 | 天然气消耗/(t/h) | 电力消耗/MWh |
---|---|---|
CMEATM | 34.72 | 11.63 |
CPCSTM | 23.85 | 13.15 |
CDMCTM | 16.14 | 107.80 |
CGMSTM | 16.12 | 51.75 |
单元 | 基准 | Sref | sf | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MEA[ | CO2产量 | 2771.2 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 206.55 |
PCS[ | CO2产量 | 62.26 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 87.14 |
DMC[ | CO2产量 | 2771.2 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 244.45 |
GMS[ | CO2产量 | 423.36 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 387.8 |
MS[ | 合成气进料量 | 10.81 kmol/s | 0.67 | 0.65 | 142.8 |
MD[ | 甲醇进料量 | 3.66 kg/s | 0.67 | 0.65 | 12.04 |
表6 主要单元设备投资数据汇总
Table 6 Summary of investment data for main equipment components
单元 | 基准 | Sref | sf | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MEA[ | CO2产量 | 2771.2 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 206.55 |
PCS[ | CO2产量 | 62.26 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 87.14 |
DMC[ | CO2产量 | 2771.2 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 244.45 |
GMS[ | CO2产量 | 423.36 t/h | 0.67 | 0.65 | 387.8 |
MS[ | 合成气进料量 | 10.81 kmol/s | 0.67 | 0.65 | 142.8 |
MD[ | 甲醇进料量 | 3.66 kg/s | 0.67 | 0.65 | 12.04 |
过程单元 | 关键参数 | 数值 | 文献值 |
---|---|---|---|
CO2捕集 | |||
MEA[ | MEA补充/(kg/t(CO2)) | 1.52 | 1.50 |
MEA循环量/(t/h) | 463 | — | |
贫相CO2负载/(mol/mol) | 0.25 | 0.20 | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 4.02 | 4.00 | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
PCS[ | 贫相体积分数/% | 41.2 | 43.6 |
溶剂循环速率/(kg/h) | 4.52×106 | 4.50×106 | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 2.42 | 2.40 | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
DMC[ | 溶剂损失/(kg/h) | 953 | 946 |
电力/MW | 635 | 629 | |
DMC循环量/(t/h) | 976.5 | — | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 2.7 | — | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
GMS[ | 总膜面积/(106 m2) | 0.72 | 0.70 |
一级膜渗透测气体流率/(mol/s) | 9475 | 9240 | |
二级膜渗透测气体流率/(mol/s) | 8750 | 8625 | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 1.72 | 1.70 | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
CO2转化 | |||
MS单元[ | 单位甲醇CO2消耗/(t/(t MeOH) | 1.44 | 1.46 |
单位甲醇H2消耗/(t/t MeOH) | 0.194 | 0.199 | |
反应器出口流率/(t/h) | 472.8 | 467.6 | |
反应器出口甲醇组成/% | 12.4 | 12.0 | |
MD单元[ | 精馏塔塔顶质量流率/(t/h) | 55.4 | 55.1 |
甲醇质量分数/% | 99.90 | 99.96 | |
甲醇产量/(t/h) | 161.4 | — |
表7 关键参数的模拟结果与文献的比较
Table 7 Comparison of the simulated and reported results of key parameters
过程单元 | 关键参数 | 数值 | 文献值 |
---|---|---|---|
CO2捕集 | |||
MEA[ | MEA补充/(kg/t(CO2)) | 1.52 | 1.50 |
MEA循环量/(t/h) | 463 | — | |
贫相CO2负载/(mol/mol) | 0.25 | 0.20 | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 4.02 | 4.00 | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
PCS[ | 贫相体积分数/% | 41.2 | 43.6 |
溶剂循环速率/(kg/h) | 4.52×106 | 4.50×106 | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 2.42 | 2.40 | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
DMC[ | 溶剂损失/(kg/h) | 953 | 946 |
电力/MW | 635 | 629 | |
DMC循环量/(t/h) | 976.5 | — | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 2.7 | — | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
GMS[ | 总膜面积/(106 m2) | 0.72 | 0.70 |
一级膜渗透测气体流率/(mol/s) | 9475 | 9240 | |
二级膜渗透测气体流率/(mol/s) | 8750 | 8625 | |
再生能耗/(MJ/kg CO2) | 1.72 | 1.70 | |
CO2捕集量(CC unit)/(t/h) | 231.26 | — | |
CO2捕集纯度/% | 99.5 | 99.5 | |
CO2转化 | |||
MS单元[ | 单位甲醇CO2消耗/(t/(t MeOH) | 1.44 | 1.46 |
单位甲醇H2消耗/(t/t MeOH) | 0.194 | 0.199 | |
反应器出口流率/(t/h) | 472.8 | 467.6 | |
反应器出口甲醇组成/% | 12.4 | 12.0 | |
MD单元[ | 精馏塔塔顶质量流率/(t/h) | 55.4 | 55.1 |
甲醇质量分数/% | 99.90 | 99.96 | |
甲醇产量/(t/h) | 161.4 | — |
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