点火方式对欠膨胀氢气射流爆炸超压影响规律研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221597

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对自燃点火与电火花点火对欠膨胀氢气射流燃爆超压的变化规律开展实验研究，测量了自燃和电火花两种点火方式在不同释放压力下的爆炸超压与火焰传播速率，分析了初始压力和点火条件对爆炸超压的影响机制。实验结果表明：相同释放条件下，自燃点火比电火花点火引发的管外爆炸超压峰值更高，压力上升速率更快，且自燃点火的发展过程更稳定；随着缓冲罐内释放压力从6 MPa升高到9 MPa，自燃管外爆炸超压峰值先升高后降低，在释放压力为8 MPa时自燃引发的爆炸超压达到最大值15.97 kPa，而电火花点火源处的燃爆超压随释放压力的上升从7.23 kPa先降低至3.17 kPa后升高到4.19 kPa；电火花点火火焰在点火源处形成了不规则形状点火核，同时火焰传播速度大于自燃火焰发展速度。本研究对于加氢站设计和燃爆风险评估具有参考意义。

关键词: 爆炸, 氢, 燃爆超压, 氢泄漏, 安全

Abstract:

An experimental study was carried out on the variation of overpressure of underexpanded hydrogen jet ignition by spontaneous ignition and electric spark ignition. We measured the explosion overpressure and flame propagation rate of spontaneous ignition and electric spark ignition under different release pressures, we also analyzed the influence mechanism of initial pressure and ignition conditions on explosion overpressure. The experimental results show that under the same release conditions, the overpressure peak of spontaneous ignition is higher, the pressure rise rate is faster, and the development process of spontaneous ignition is more stable. With the release pressure of the buffer tank increasing from 6 MPa to 9 MPa, the explosion overpressure peak outside the spontaneous ignition tube first increases and then decreases. When the release pressure is 8 MPa, the explosion overpressure caused by spontaneous ignition reaches the maximum value of 15.97 kPa, while the explosion overpressure at the ignition source of electric spark decreases from 7.23 kPa to 3.17 kPa and then increases to 4.19 kPa with the increase of the release pressure. The spark ignition flame forms an irregularly shaped ignition core at the ignition source, and the flame propagation velocity is greater than the spontaneous combustion flame development velocity. This study has reference significance for the design of hydrogenation station and the risk assessment of ignition and explosion.

Key words: explosion, hydrogen, explosion overpressure, hydrogen leakage, security

中图分类号:

X 932

武子超, 汪志雷, 李荣业, 李可昕, 华敏, 潘旭海, 王三明, 蒋军成. 点火方式对欠膨胀氢气射流爆炸超压影响规律研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1409-1418.

Zichao WU, Zhilei WANG, Rongye LI, Kexin LI, Min HUA, Xuhai PAN, Sanming WANG, Juncheng JIANG. Study on the effect of ignition mode on overpressure of underexpanded hydrogen jet explosion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1409-1418.

图/表 10

图1 实验系统示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of the experimental platform

图2 氢气自燃管外超压峰值

Fig.2 External overpressure of hydrogen self-ignition

图3 电火花点火管外超压峰值

Fig.3 External overpressure of hydrogen ignition

图4 高压氢释放不同点火方式管外爆炸超压对比

Fig.4 External overpressure comparison of high-pressure hydrogen with different ignition modes

图5 管外爆炸超压峰值趋势

Fig.5 Peak trend of external overpressure

图6 管外超压峰值压差

Fig.6 Peak pressure difference of external overpressure

图7 压力波在不同传感器间传播时间

Fig.7 Pressure wave propagation time between different sensors

图8 管外点火上下游火焰发展速度

Fig.8 Flame speed of upstream and downstream of external ignition

图9 8 MPa高压氢气释放时氢自燃和管外点火火焰速度对比

Fig.9 Comparison of flame speed between high-pressure hydrogen self-ignition and outside tube ignition at 8 MPa relief pressure

图10 火焰演化发展对比

Fig.10 Comparison of flame evolution and development

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