滴状冷凝的液滴分布特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240552

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种高效的传热形式，蒸汽冷凝被有效地应用于石油化工、火电核电、海水淡化及热能管理等工业领域，具有广泛的应用背景。其中，研究液滴分布特性是分析液滴演变及传热过程的关键。本文基于成核、生长、脱落等液滴行为演变，构建了滴状冷凝全过程演变及传热数学模型，总结了演变进程中液滴最大液滴的位置分布规律和不同尺寸液滴的数量分布规律，展示了竖直及弯曲疏水壁面上的液滴分布特性，为冷凝强化换热提供相应的理论依据。

关键词: 滴状冷凝, 液滴分布, 最大液滴, 传热, 凝结, 数值模拟

Abstract:

As a highly efficient form of heat transfer, steam condensation is effectively used in a wide range of applications in industrial fields such as petrochemical, thermal and nuclear power, desalination and thermal energy management. Among them, the study of droplet distribution characteristics is the key to analyze the droplet evolution and heat transfer process. In this paper, based on the evolution of droplet behavior such as nucleation, growth, shedding, etc., a mathematical model of the whole process of droplet condensation evolution and heat transfer is constructed, and the positional distribution law of the largest droplet and the number distribution law of droplets of different sizes in the process of evolution are summarized to show the characteristics of the distribution of droplets on the vertical and curved hydrophobic wall, which provides corresponding theoretical basis for the enhancement of heat transfer in condensation.

Key words: dropwise condensation, droplet distribution, maximum droplet, heat transfer, condensate, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK124

赵亮, 张梦妍, 果正龙, 郭亚丽, 龚路远, 沈胜强. 滴状冷凝的液滴分布特性研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240552.

Liang ZHAO, Mengyan ZHANG, Zhenglong GUO, Yali GUO, Luyuan GONG, Shengqiang SHEN. Study on droplet distribution characteristics of dropwise condensation[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240552.

图/表 13

图1 不同疏水壁面上的滴状冷凝

Fig. 1 Drop condensation on different hydrophobic wall surfaces

图2 液滴合并判断示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of droplet merging judgment

图3 液滴脱落及清扫示意图

Fig. 3 Droplet shedding and cleaning diagram

表1 模拟的基础参数

Table 1 Basic parameters of simulation

冷凝工况及表面性质	数值
表面过冷度ΔT/K	1
水蒸气饱和温度T_sat/K	359.08
表面张力系数σ/N^.m^-1	0.0616
冷凝水密度ρ/kg^.m^-3	968
冷凝水潜热H_fg/J^.kg^-1	2.293×10⁶
疏水涂层厚度δ/mm	0.01
水热导率k_w/ W^.m^-1.K^-1	0.6707
气液界面传热系数h_i/ W^.m^-2.K^-1	106
疏水膜热导率k_δ/ W^.m^-1.K^-1	1000

图4 数值模拟与理论模型的液滴尺寸分布对比

Fig. 4 Comparison of droplet size distribution between numerical simulation and theoretical model

图5 数值模拟与实验的最大液滴尺寸对比

Fig. 5 Comparison of maximum droplet size range between numerical simulation and experiment

图6 滴状冷凝演变进程中液滴尺寸与壁面换热对照图

Fig. 6 Comparison diagram of droplet size and wall heat transfer in the evolution process of dropwise condensation

图7 不同凝结核密度滴状冷凝演变进程中的最大液滴位置分布(a)及坐标变化(b)

Fig. 7 The maximum droplet positional distribution during the evolution of dropwise condensation with different condensation nuclei densities (a) and coordinate change (b)

图8 不同尺寸液滴的传热效果及模拟区域内的理想数量

Fig. 8 The heat transfer effect of droplets and the ideal number in the simulation region with different sizes

图9 不同凝结核密度滴状冷凝演变进程中的不同尺寸液滴密度对比

Fig. 9 Density comparison of sub-size droplets in the evolution process of dropwise condensation with different condensation nuclei density

图10 滴状冷凝演变进程中不同尺寸液滴的密度变化

Fig. 10 The density change of sub-size droplets during the evolution of dropwise condensation

图11 不同壁面滴状冷凝演变进程中最大液滴的空间分布、尺寸变化和传热特性

Fig. 11 Spatial distribution, size change and heat transfer characteristics of the largest droplet during the evolution of dropwise condensation on different walls

图12 不同壁面上滴状冷凝演变进程中的最大液滴位置坐标变化

Fig. 12 Coordinate change of the maximum droplet position during the evolution of dropwise condensation on different walls

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