受限蒸汽腔内气液两相传热特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240225

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蒸汽腔是实现电子元件热管理的高效设备之一。随着电子元件的紧凑化发展，蒸汽腔的尺寸受到限制。为探究受限蒸汽腔内气液两相传热特性，本文设计了由蒸发板、冷凝板和方形石英玻璃组成的可视化实验系统。探究了空间高度和加热功率对蒸汽腔传热特性的影响，揭示了不同高度腔体内的沸腾和冷凝相互作用机制。结果发现：空间高度为50 mm的蒸汽腔内气泡行为与池沸腾相似，而10 mm高度蒸汽腔则存在较大差异。在较低加热功率下，10 mm高度蒸汽腔内气泡成核生长后接触冷凝壁面并反弹回落；而在较高加热功率下有气泡膜产生。当输入加热功率为65 W时，10 mm高度受限蒸汽腔的热阻为50 mm高度受限蒸汽腔的3.74倍。该结果表明，较低高度的受限蒸汽腔传热性能恶化，受限蒸汽腔结构有待进一步设计优化，以实现更高要求的电子热管理应用。

关键词: 受限蒸汽腔, 气泡, 传热, 成核, 相变

Abstract:

Vapor chamber is one of the devices to satisfy the thermal management of electronics. With the development of compact electronic components, the size of the vapor chamber is limited. To investigate the heat transfer characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase in a confined vapor chamber, the visualization experimental system consisting of an evaporator plate, a condenser plate, and a square quartz glass was developed in this paper. In this paper, the effects of space height and heating power on the heat transfer characteristics of vapor chambers were investigated. The interaction regimes of boiling and condensation in chambers with different heights were revealed. The experimental results show that the bubble behavior in the vapor chamber with 50 mm height is similar to that of pool boiling, whereas there is a large difference in the vapor chamber with 10 mm height. Under the lower heating power condition, the bubble in the vapor chamber with 10 mm height grows, and contacts the condensation wall and then rebounds back. While under the higher heating power condition, it is found that a bubble film on the condensation wall is generated. Under the heating power of 65 W, the thermal resistance of the vapor chamber with 50 mm height is 3.74 times of that of the vapor chamber with 10 mm height. This result shows that the heat transfer performance of the vapor chamber with lower height is deteriorated. It is hoped that the structure of the confined vapor chamber needs to be further designed and optimized to achieve the higher demand for electronic thermal management applications.

Key words: confined vapor chamber, bubble, heat transfer, nucleation, phase change

中图分类号:

TK 172.4

秦思宇, 刘艺佳, 杨佳成, 佟薇, 金立文, 孟祥兆. 受限蒸汽腔内气液两相传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 47-55.

Siyu QIN, Yijia LIU, Jiacheng YANG, Wei TONG, Liwen JIN, Xiangzhao MENG. Characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase heat transfer in a confined vapor chamber[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(S1): 47-55.

图/表 7

图1 实验系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental system

图2 50 mm高度受限蒸汽腔内气泡成核生长特性

Fig.2 Bubble behavior characteristics in the confined vapor chamber with 50 mm height

图3 50 mm高度受限蒸汽腔内冷凝特性

Fig.3 Condensation in the confined vapor chamber with 50 mm height

图4 10 mm高度受限蒸汽腔内气泡成核生长特性

Fig.4 Bubble behavior characteristics in the confined vapor chamber with 10 mm height

图5 10 mm高度受限蒸汽腔内冷凝特性

Fig.5 Condensation in the confined vapor chamber with 10 mm height

图6 加热功率对不同高度受限蒸汽腔传热系数的影响

Fig.6 Effect of heating power on heat transfer coefficients of confined vapor chamber with different heights

图7 加热功率对不同高度受限蒸汽腔传热热阻的影响

Fig.7 Effect of heating power on thermal resistance of confined vapor chamber with different heights

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