Synthesis of MoS2-based single atom catalyst and its application in electrocatalysis

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221017

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions and fast reaction rates, electrocatalysis has great prospects in the fields of energy storage and conversion, and synthesis of high-value small molecules. Therefore, the design and development of efficient electrocatalyst are the key to promote the industrialization of electrocatalytic reaction. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is considered as one of the most promising materials for electrocatalysis due to its low cost, adjustable electronic properties and excellent chemical stability. And single atom catalysis is a multi-functional and attractive technology with significant cost reduction and excellent catalytic activity. This article reviews the preparation strategies of MoS₂-based single atom catalysts, including electrochemical deposition, wet chemical impregnation, hydrothermal/solvothermal and hydrogen plasma reduction. Furthermore, the applications of corresponding catalysts in the field of electrocatalysis are introduced. Finally, the new research directions and future trends are discussed from three aspects including single atom modification, mechanism study and synthesis process, that means, preparation of polymetallic MoS₂-based single atom catalyst, clarifying reaction mechanisms with in-depth characterisation and calculations, development of green synthesis process, etc.

Key words: electrochemistry, catalyst, hydrogen production, MoS₂, single atom catalyst

摘要：

电催化由于反应条件温和、反应速率较快等优势，在能源存储与转化、高值小分子合成等领域具有极大应用前景。因此，设计开发高效的电催化剂是推动电催化反应工业化的核心问题。二硫化钼（MoS₂）以其低成本、可调的电子性质和优异的化学稳定性，被认为是用于电催化的最有前景的候选材料之一。同时，单原子催化是一种功能强大、极具吸引力的技术，成本显著降低，且具有优异的催化活性。本文首先综述了MoS₂基单原子催化剂的制备策略，包括电化学沉积、湿化学浸渍、水热/溶剂热和氢气等离子体还原。其次，在此基础上重点介绍了相应催化剂在电催化领域的应用。最后，从单原子改性、机理研究、合成工艺三个方面讨论了新的研究方向和未来趋势，即制备多金属MoS₂基单原子催化剂，深度表征和计算澄清反应机理，开发绿色环保的合成工艺等。

关键词: 电化学, 催化剂, 制氢, MoS₂, 单原子催化剂

CLC Number:

TQ 151

Yue SONG, Qicheng ZHANG, Wenchao PENG, Yang LI, Fengbao ZHANG, Xiaobin FAN. Synthesis of MoS₂-based single atom catalyst and its application in electrocatalysis[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 535-545.

宋悦, 张启成, 彭文朝, 李阳, 张凤宝, 范晓彬. MoS₂基单原子催化剂的合成及其在电催化中的应用[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 535-545.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Methodological development of ADMC preparation by electrodeposition[38]

Fig.2 The synthesis illustration of the SA-Ru-MoS2 electrocatalysts[39]

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the fabrication process for SA Co-D 1T-MoS2[40]

Fig. 4 Synthesis of single-layered MoS2 (SMoS2) and single transition-metal (TM) atom doped FMoS2/SMoS2SO42- groups[42]

Fig.5 Formation mechanism of anchoring Pt SAs on MoS2 NSs[49]

Fig.6 Illustration of the construction Ru/np-MoS2[50]

Fig.7 Schematic illustration of Ru-doping 2H-MoS2 as electrocatalysts for a wide pH range hydrogen evolution[51]

Fig.8 The different adsorption energy, bond lengths between Cu and the adjacent S atoms and electron transfer of Cu adsorption on the surface of 1 T-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2[57]

Fig.9 Schematic illustration of Ru/Ni-MoS2 as electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution[63]

Table 1 The HER performance of MoS2-based monatomic catalysts

催化剂	电解液	单原子负载量	MoS₂相态	过电位η₁₀/mV	Tafel斜率/ (mV/dec)	稳定性	文献
SA Co-D 1T MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	3.54%（质量）	1T	42	32	240 h	[40]
SA-Ru-MoS₂	1 mol/L KOH	5%（质量）	1T /2H	76	21	—	[39]
Mo SAs/ML-MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	2.21%（质量）	2H	107	35.1	—	[43]
Mo SAs/ML-MoS₂	1 mol/L KOH	2.21%（质量）	2H	209	36.4	—	[43]
Pt-MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	0.22%（质量）	2H	44	34.83	20 h	[49]
Pt-MoS₂	1 mol/L KOH	0.22%（质量）	2H	123	76.71	—	[49]
Ru/np-MoS₂	1 mol/L KOH	8%（原子）	1T	30	31	40 h	[50]
Ru_0.10@2H-MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	—	2H	167	77.5	12 h	[51]
	1 mol/L KOH			51	64.9	12 h
	1 mol/L PBS			137	81.1	12 h
Rh-MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	4.8%（质量）	2H	67	54	20 h	[52]
Cu@MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	—	1T	131	51	25000 s	[57]
Ni_SA-MoS₂/CC	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	—	2H	110	74	2000圈CV	[58]
Ni_SA-MoS₂/CC	1 mol/L KOH	—	2H	98	75	2000圈CV	[58]
Ru/Ni-MoS₂	1 mol/L KOH	0.4%（质量）Ru，2.3%（质量）Ni	2H	32	41	20 h	[63]
1%Pd-MoS₂	0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄	1%（质量）	1T	78	72	100 h	[64]

Fig.10 The OER reaction mechanism, and the theoretical and experimental overpotential of 3d-TMO6@MoS2[67]

Fig.11 The possible intermediates and optimal pathways for N2 electroreduction over Fe-MoS2[70]

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Synthesis of MoS₂-based single atom catalyst and its application in electrocatalysis

MoS₂基单原子催化剂的合成及其在电催化中的应用

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