基于响应面法光热-光电膜蒸馏系统优化研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计并搭建了太阳能光热-光电方腔型膜蒸馏系统，为研究该系统机理与优化问题，首先以料液进口温度、流量、太阳辐照度为影响因子，膜通量、能耗为响应值，采用响应面法分析各影响因子与响应值间的关系；其次结合中心复合设计法设计实验工况，建立响应值与影响因子的二次多项式回归模型，通过方差分析、实验验证对所建立的模型进行可靠性分析；最后对响应值进行响应面分析与系统优化，获得了系统最佳运行工况和最优膜通量、能耗值，并进行了实验验证。结果表明，系统最佳工况为：料液进口温度为63℃，料液进口流量为232 L/h，太阳辐照度为700 W/m²，在此工况下实际膜通量达到7.28 L/(m²·h)，高于预测值6.39 L/(m²·h)，两者误差为12.23%，对应的能耗值为10.40 L/(kW·h)。

关键词: 太阳能, 光热-光电, 蒸馏, 响应面法, 优化, 最佳工况

Abstract:

In this paper, a solar thermal-photovoltaic membrane distillation of square cavity is designed to study the mechanism and optimization of the system. Firstly, the experiment adopted the feed inlet temperature, the feed flow rate and the solar irradiance as the influence factors, and the membrane flux and the energy consumption as the response values. The relationships between each influence factor and the corresponding response value were analyzed by response surface methodology. Secondly, the central composite design method is used for experimental design, and established the quadratic polynomial regression model of the response value and the influence factor. The reliability analysis of the established model was validated through analysis of variance and experimental results. Finally, the optimal operating conditions and the corresponding optimal membrane flux and energy consumption values of the system were obtained and validated by response surface optimization analysis and experiments. The results show that the best working conditions of the system are: the material liquid inlet temperature 63℃, the material liquid inlet flow rate 232 L/h, the solar irradiance 700 W/m². Under this working condition, the actual membrane flux reaches 7.28 L/(m²·h), which is higher than the predicted value of 6.39 L/(m²·h), the error between the two is 12.23%, and the corresponding energy consumption value is 10.40 L/(kW·h).

Key words: solar energy, thermal-photovoltaic, distillation, response surface methodology, optimization, optimal condition

中图分类号:

TK 124

张秦意, 杨晓宏, 邓洪玲, 胡俊虎, 田瑞. 基于响应面法光热-光电膜蒸馏系统优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(4): 2156-2166.

ZHANG Qinyi, YANG Xiaohong, DENG Hongling, HU Junhu, TIAN Rui. Study on optimization of thermal-photovoltaic membrane distillation system based on response surface methodology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(4): 2156-2166.

图/表 22

图1 太阳能光热-光电方腔型膜蒸馏系统1—光伏系统；2—控制器；3—蓄电池；4—电度表；5—真空泵；6—收集瓶；7—冷凝水箱；8—方腔型膜组件；9—阀门；10—保温水箱；11—循环泵；12—缓冲水箱；13—流量计；14—太阳集热器

Fig.1 Solar thermal-photovoltaic square cavity membrane distillation system

图2 膜组件实物与内部膜丝

Fig.2 Membrane module and internal membrane filament

表1 膜组件参数

Table 1 Parameters of membrane module

膜丝平均孔径/μm	膜丝内、外径/mm	膜丝长度/mm	膜面积/m²	孔隙率/%
0.2	0.6/1.0	65	0.1	60

图3 BSRN3000太阳辐射监测系统

Fig.3 The solar radiation monitoring system of BSRN3000

图4 测点布置

Fig.4 Measuring point layout

表2 测点名称

Table 2 Name of measuring point

温度点	流量点	名称
1	1	集热器入口
2	1	集热器出口
3	3	膜组件入口
4	3	膜组件出口

表3 测量参数及仪器

Table 3 Parameters and instruments of measurement

测量参数	测量仪器
温度	DTM411数字温度显示仪
流量	LZB-25玻璃转子流量计
真空度	真空表
电导率	DDS-307电导率仪
产水量	JA31002电子天平

表4 影响因子编码水平

Table 4 The code levels of influence factors

自变量	编码	水平
自变量	编码	-α	-1	0	1	+α
T/℃	X₁	52	55	59	63	65
Q_f/(L/h)	X₂	31	100	200	300	368
I/(W/m²)	X₃	163	300	500	700	836

表5 CCD实验设计及结果

Table 5 Experimental design and results of CCD

实验编号	实验类型^①	T/℃		Q_f/(L/h)		I/(W/m²)		响应值
实验编号	实验类型^①	实际值	编码值	实际值	编码值	实际值	编码值	J/(L/(m²·h))	E_c/(kW·h)	W/(L/(kW·h))
1	O1	63	1	100	-1	300	-1	4.76	0.63	7.555556
2	O2	63	1	300	1	700	1	5.34	0.49	10.89796
3	O3	63	1	300	1	300	-1	3.899	0.51	7.645098
4	O4	63	1	100	-1	700	1	4.9599	0.706	7.025354
5	O5	55	-1	300	1	300	-1	1.9136	0.97	1.972784
6	O6	55	-1	100	-1	700	1	2.4683	0.765	3.226536
7	O7	55	-1	300	1	700	1	3.2175	0.52	6.1875
8	O8	55	-1	100	-1	300	-1	2.4157	0.61	3.960164
9	S1	65	1.68	200	0	500	0	7.7961	0.57	13.67737
10	S2	52	-1.68	200	0	500	0	0.6939	0.735	0.944082
11	S3	59	0	368	1.68	500	0	3.5467	0.57	6.222281
12	S4	59	0	31	-1.68	500	0	1.0266	0.52	1.974231
13	S5	59	0	200	0	836	1.68	4.904	0.61	8.039344
14	S6	59	0	200	0	163	-1.68	3.0409	0.53	5.737547
15	C1	59	0	200	0	500	0	4.4908	0.645	6.962481
16	C2	59	0	200	0	500	0	4.567	0.623	7.330658
17	C3	59	0	200	0	500	0	4.63	0.68	6.808824
18	C4	59	0	200	0	500	0	4.74	0.71	6.676056
19	C5	59	0	200	0	500	0	4.831	0.59	8.188136
20	C6	59	0	200	0	500	0	4.765	0.632	7.539557

表6 膜通量响应面模型方差分析

Table 6 Variance analysis of RSM model of the membrane flux

来源	自由度	平方和	均方	F值	P值	R²	R²_adj	AP
模型	9	46.25	5.14	9.2	0.0009	0.8922	0.7952	10.21
残差	10	5.59	0.56	—	—	—	—	—
总和	19	51.84	—	—	—	—	—	—

图5 膜通量J实验值与预测值对比

Fig.5 Comparison of the experimental and predicted values of membrane flux J

表7 能耗响应面模型方差分析

Table 7 Variance analysis of RSM model of the energy consumption

来源	自由度	平方和	均方	F值	P值	R²	R²_adj	AP
模型	9	159.29	17.7	15.72	0.0001	0.934	0.8746	13.85
残差	10	11.26	1.13	—	—	—	—	—
总和	19	170.55	—	—	—	—	—	—

图6 能耗W实验值与预测值对比

Fig.6 Comparison of the experimental and predicted values of energy consumption W

图7 Qf和I对膜通量J的交互作用

Fig.7 The interaction of Qf and I on membrane flux J

图8 T和Qf对膜通量J的交互作用

Fig.8 The interaction of T and Qf on membrane flux J

图9 T和I对膜通量J的交互作用

Fig.9 The interaction of T and I on membrane flux J

图10 T和I对能耗W的交互作用

Fig.10 The interaction of T and I on energy consumption W

图11 I和Qf对能耗W的交互作用

Fig.11 The interaction of I and Qf on energy consumption W

图12 Qf和T对能耗W的交互作用

Fig.12 The interaction of Qf and T on energy consumption W

表8 系统在最佳工况下的J最优值

Table 8 The optimal membrane flux under optimal operating conditions

T/℃	Q_f/(L/h)	I/(W/m²)	J/(L/(m²·h))		误差/%
T/℃	Q_f/(L/h)	I/(W/m²)	预测值	实验值	误差/%
63	232	700	6.39	7.28	12.23

图13 膜通量J与能耗W的对比

Fig.13 Comparison of membrane flux J and energy consumption W

表9 系统投资估算

Table 9 Investment estimation of the system

名称	价格/元
集热器及配件	850
光伏板及配件	940
膜组件	3000
循环、真空泵	520
管道	168
保温水箱	550
运行维护成本	500

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