油水比对阴离子型微乳液相行为的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微乳液由水、油、盐、表面活性剂及助表面活性剂组成，其相行为及增溶情况受各组分的影响。研究发现，在SDBS（SDS、SLS）/航空煤油/水/正丁醇/氯化钠体系中，随着NaCl含量的不断增多，微乳液体系发生Winsor Ⅰ型→Winsor Ⅲ型→Winsor Ⅱ型的相态转变。固定水的用量，通过油扫实验不断改变体系中的油水比，利用相图研究油水比对微乳液相行为的影响，并通过冷冻电镜对不同相态下微乳液的微观形貌进行了表征。随着油水比的增加，在低盐度下，体系由胶团溶液转变为Winsor Ⅰ型；而在高盐度下，体系发生由胶团溶液→Winsor Ⅱ型→Winsor Ⅲ型→Winsor Ⅰ型的相态转变。盐度一定时，微乳液的中相形成及消失所需的油量会随着表面活性剂浓度的增多而增多，且三种表面活性剂中，表面活性剂的增溶能力的大小顺序为SDBS>SDS>SLS，对煤油的敏感程度顺序为SLS>SDS>SDBS。

关键词: 油水比, 微乳液, 阴离子, 相变, 表面活性剂

Abstract:

Micro-emulsion is composed of water, oil, salt, surfactant and co-surfactant. Its phase behavior and solubilization performance are affected by each component. It is found that in the SDBS (SDS, SLS) / aviation kerosene / water / n-butanol / NaCl system, with the increase of NaCl content, the phase inversed from Winsor Ⅰ type to Winsor Ⅲ type to Winsor Ⅱ type. The effect of oil-water ratio on the phase behavior of microemulsion was studied by phase diagram.The micromorphology of the micro-emulsion under different phase conditions was characterized by cryo-electron microscopy. With the increase of oil-water ratio, the system changed from micelle solutin to Winsor type Ⅰ under low salinity. While, at high salinity, with the increase of oil/ water ratio, the phase inversed from Winsor Ⅱ type to Winsor Ⅲ type to Winsor Ⅰ type. When the salinity is constant, the amount of oil required for the formation and disappearance of the middle phase of the micro-emulsion will increase with the increase of surfactant concentration. In addition, among the three surfactants, the order of solubilization ability of surfactants is SDBS > SDS > SLS, and the order of sensitivity to kerosene is SLS > SDS > SDBS.

Key words: oil/ water ratio, micro-emulsion, anionic, phase change, surfactants

中图分类号:

O 648.2+3

谷莹露, 刘会娥, 陈爽, 王龙, 刘宇童. 油水比对阴离子型微乳液相行为的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(7): 2626-2635.

Yinglu GU, Hui e LIU, Shuang CHEN, Long WANG, Yutong LIU. Effect of oil/water ratio on phase behavior of anionic micro-emulsion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(7): 2626-2635.

图/表 11

图1 盐度扫描的Winsor相图

Fig.1 Winsor phase diagram by salinity scanning

图2 不同阴离子表面活性剂盐扫对比相图

Fig.2 Phase diagram compared of different anionic surfactants

表1 表面活性剂形成Ⅲ型微乳液所需盐浓度及盐宽

Table 1 Scope of salts’ concentration and salinities width of surfactant in type Ⅲ micro-emulsion

表面活性剂	质量分数/%	S₁/(mol·L^-1)	S₂/(mol·L^-1)	ΔS/(mol·L^-1)
SDBS	3	0.468	1.412	0.944
	4	0.53	1.492	0.962
	5	0.586	1.654	1.068
SDS	3	2.429	5.771	3.342
	4	2.642	5.994	3.352
	5	2.869	6.244	3.375
SLS	3	3.313	7.386	4.073
	4	3.621	7.625	4.004
	5	3.425	6.419	2.994

图3 不同盐度下油水比改变时的相图

Fig.3 Phase diagram of oil/ water ratio change at different salinity

表2 形成Ⅲ型微乳液对应的油水比

Table 2 Oil/ water ratio in formation of type Ⅲ micro-emulsion

NaCl质量分数/%	R₁	R₂	ΔR
1.40	0.22	1.65	1.43
1.75	0.40	4.10	3.70

图4 不同相态下微乳液的微观形貌图

Fig.4 Microtopography of micro-emulsion under different phase states

图5 表面活性剂浓度不同时油水比改变的相图

Fig.5 Phase diagram of oil/water ratio change at different surfactant concentrations

表3 表面活性剂浓度不同时，形成Ⅲ型微乳液所需油水比的范围

Table 3 Range of oil/ water ratio of type Ⅲ micro-emulsion at different surfactant concentration

SDBS质量分数/%	R₁	R₂	ΔR
3	0.22	1.65	1.43
4	0.24	2.10	1.86
5	0.28	2.35	2.07

表4 表面活性剂浓度不同时，微乳液增溶航空煤油的数据

Table 4 Data for micro-emulsion solubilization of aviation kerosene at different concentrations of surfactant

SDBS的质量分数/%	R	NaCl的质量分数/%	V_增溶煤油/ml
3	0.20	0.60	1.0
4	0.20	0.60	1.4
5	0.20	0.60	1.8
3	0.75	1.40	1.8
4	0.75	1.40	2.3
5	0.75	1.40	2.8

图6 表面活性剂种类不同时油水比改变相图

Fig.6 Phase diagram of oil/water ratio change with different surfactant types

表5 表面活性剂种类不同时，微乳液增溶航空煤油的数据

Table 5 Data for micro-emulsion solubilization of aviation kerosene at different kinds of surfactant

R	表面活性剂	V_增溶煤油/ml
0.3	SDBS	2.7
	SDS	2.0
	SLS	1.8
0.4	SDBS	2.8
	SDS	2.3
	SLS	1.8
0.5	SDBS	2.8
	SDS	2.0
	SLS	1.9

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