燃料电池阴离子交换膜高效离子传输通道构建进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190704

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阴离子交换膜燃料电池因具有可使用非贵金属催化剂及催化反应动力学快等优点，是一种清洁高效的能源来源，但其商业化进展一直受制于高性能阴离子交换膜的开发。目前，阴离子交换膜主要面临着离子传导率低和稳定性差问题。研究者们分别围绕提高离子传导率（同时维持机械稳定性）和增加碱性稳定性开展了大量的研究工作。其中构建高效离子传输通道被认为是一种有效解决阴离子交换膜离子传导率和机械稳定性平衡问题的有效方法。本文综述了构建离子通道的常见方法，包括纳米复合、微相分离、构建互穿聚合物网络、构建离子簇。

关键词: 膜, 离子通道, 燃料电池, 电导率, 电解质, 电化学

Abstract:

Anion exchange membrane(AEM) fuel cells have the advantages of using non-precious metal catalysts and fast catalytic kinetics. It is a clean and efficient source of energy, but its commercialization has been subject to the development of high performance anion exchange membranes. Up to now, there are two major obstacles stand in front of AEM which are low ion conductivity and low stability. Substantial works have been done to increase the conductivity while maintain the mechanical stability, and improve the alkaline stability of AEM. Among them, construction of high efficient ion transport channels is verified to be an efficient way to solve the dilemma between ion conductivity and mechanical stability. This paper reviews the main methods to construct ion channels in AEM, including nanocomposites, microphase separation, interpenetrating polymer networks and form ion clusters.

Key words: membranes, ion channels, fuel cell, ion conductivity, electrolytes, electrochemistry

中图分类号:

O 63

袁伟, 曾玲平, 王建川, 魏子栋. 燃料电池阴离子交换膜高效离子传输通道构建进展[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(10): 3764-3775.

Wei YUAN, Lingping ZENG, Jianchuan WANG, Zidong WEI. Progress in construction of high efficient ion transport channels for anion exchange membranes fuel cell[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(10): 3764-3775.

图/表 9

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样品	填料	基膜	IEC/ (mmol·g^-1)	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1)	吸水率/ %	应力/ MPa	文献
1.0%(mass)QN-PAEK/rGO	rGO	QN-PAEK	1.57	115@90℃	75@30℃	29.0	[16]
QPVA/0.1%Fe₃O₄-GO with magnetic	Fe₃O₄-GO	QPVA	—	54.4@60℃	—	40.0	[18]
QTNT/QPSU	QTNT	QPSU	1.73	19.5@RT	16.2@RT	40.0	[27]
QPSF/5% LDH	LDH	QPSF	—	23.6@RT	20.5@60℃	17.5	[31]
PVA/DGBE-15/SiO₂-3	DGBE 和 SiO₂	PVA	1.10	4.2@25℃	48.3@25℃	20.7	[35]
QPSF/5%MMT-1	功能化蒙脱土	QPSF	1.21	47.3@95℃	102@95℃	26.7	[36]
QPPO/6%palygorskite	坡缕石	QPPO	1.07	21.5@80℃	37.4@20℃	28.0	[41]
10%CQPVA-CL	壳聚糖	QPVA	1.09	27@70℃	—	—	[42]
QPPO/QCNC (2%)	季铵化纤维素	QPPO	1.05	28@20℃	16.9@20℃	30.9	[43]

样品	填料	基膜	IEC/ (mmol·g^-1)	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1)	吸水率/ %	应力/ MPa	文献
1.0%(mass)QN-PAEK/rGO	rGO	QN-PAEK	1.57	115@90℃	75@30℃	29.0	[16]
QPVA/0.1%Fe₃O₄-GO with magnetic	Fe₃O₄-GO	QPVA	—	54.4@60℃	—	40.0	[18]
QTNT/QPSU	QTNT	QPSU	1.73	19.5@RT	16.2@RT	40.0	[27]
QPSF/5% LDH	LDH	QPSF	—	23.6@RT	20.5@60℃	17.5	[31]
PVA/DGBE-15/SiO₂-3	DGBE 和 SiO₂	PVA	1.10	4.2@25℃	48.3@25℃	20.7	[35]
QPSF/5%MMT-1	功能化蒙脱土	QPSF	1.21	47.3@95℃	102@95℃	26.7	[36]
QPPO/6%palygorskite	坡缕石	QPPO	1.07	21.5@80℃	37.4@20℃	28.0	[41]
10%CQPVA-CL	壳聚糖	QPVA	1.09	27@70℃	—	—	[42]
QPPO/QCNC (2%)	季铵化纤维素	QPPO	1.05	28@20℃	16.9@20℃	30.9	[43]

样品	方法	IEC/ (mmol·g^-1)	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1)	吸水率/%	溶胀率/%	应力/ MPa	文献
PSf–PDApip4	嵌段共聚	2.02	102@80℃	45.4@80℃	—	21.0	[45]
NCBP-Im	嵌段共聚	1.25	35.0@RT	13.3@RT	4.5@RT	28.5	[47]
PPO51-Im_0.78F_0.3	侧链接枝	1.16	15.9@30℃	12.5@30℃	3.0@30℃	24.1	[50]
ImPEK-0.4	侧链接枝	1.68	83.6@80℃	17.9@80℃	7.9@80℃	69.6	[54]
x(QH)3QPPO-40	侧链接枝	3.59	110@80℃	—	25@80℃	20.0	[55]
M-OH-1∶1	侧链接枝	1.88	14.9@RT	6.5@RT	4.9	35.0	[56]
PAEK-PIL0.8	侧链接枝	2.05	49.4@RT	15.5@RT	12.1	11.6	[60]
PK-QD-54	侧链接枝	2.02	36.6@30℃	21.6@30℃	8.4@30℃	30.0	[66]

样品	方法	IEC/ (mmol·g^-1)	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1)	吸水率/%	溶胀率/%	应力/ MPa	文献
PSf–PDApip4	嵌段共聚	2.02	102@80℃	45.4@80℃	—	21.0	[45]
NCBP-Im	嵌段共聚	1.25	35.0@RT	13.3@RT	4.5@RT	28.5	[47]
PPO51-Im_0.78F_0.3	侧链接枝	1.16	15.9@30℃	12.5@30℃	3.0@30℃	24.1	[50]
ImPEK-0.4	侧链接枝	1.68	83.6@80℃	17.9@80℃	7.9@80℃	69.6	[54]
x(QH)3QPPO-40	侧链接枝	3.59	110@80℃	—	25@80℃	20.0	[55]
M-OH-1∶1	侧链接枝	1.88	14.9@RT	6.5@RT	4.9	35.0	[56]
PAEK-PIL0.8	侧链接枝	2.05	49.4@RT	15.5@RT	12.1	11.6	[60]
PK-QD-54	侧链接枝	2.02	36.6@30℃	21.6@30℃	8.4@30℃	30.0	[66]

样品	非离子聚合物网络	离子聚合物网络	IEC/ (mmol·g^-1)	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1)	吸水率/%	溶胀度/%	应力/MPa	文献
PBI/DAIm TIPN-65/0.5	PBI	P[DAIm]	0.63	96.7@80℃	23.0	4.4	48.2	[76]
PVA/30%PPO	PVA	QPPO	1.29	151@RT	67.0	26.0	41	[77]
SIPN-60-2	xPEG-PAGE	QAPPO	1.43	67.7@80℃	96.5	17.4	93.4	[78]
VPPO/VBC(2.0)-IPN	PPO	PVBC	1.82	69.7@90℃	1.2	~0	>35	[79]
sIPN-62/30	PPO-N₃	CM-PS	1.44	97.8@80℃	68.8	12.0	11.3	[84]
pp-50	PVA-GA	PVBC-c-PVIm	1.86	21.9@30℃	39.4	28.6	36.7	[88]
IPN64	PVA-GA	QPSF	1.13	18.2@60℃	30	12	12.7	[90]