水下输气管道泄漏扩散特性模拟研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190799

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立了水下输气管道泄漏三维CFD数值模型，同时基于积分模型建立了预测数学模型，研究了不同泄漏速率和水深下气体在水体中扩散的速度、羽流半径以及上升到水面时形成泉涌高度的变化规律，并利用实验验证了两种模型的准确性，两种模型可以准确地模拟羽流特征参数的变化。结果表明：水下天然气管道泄漏扩散经历了初始阶段、充分发展阶段和表面流动阶段三个阶段，在气泡羽流上升过程中伴随着卷吸和紊动沸腾现象；羽流的径向速度近似呈高斯分布并且随着径向距离的增加逐渐降低；羽流的轴向速度随着水深的增加而降低，且在接近泄漏孔口的位置，轴线上羽流的速度急速衰减；随着气泡羽流紊动的发展，羽流半径逐渐向两侧发展并且随着水深近似呈线性增长。

关键词: 输气管道, 泄漏, 多相流, 气泡羽流, 扩散, 数值模拟

Abstract:

A three-dimensional CFD numerical model for the leakage of underwater gas pipelines is established. The variation of bubble plume velocity, plume radius and fountain height at different leakage rates and water depths are studied. The results show that the bubble plume has experienced the initial stage, the full development stage and the surface flow stage, accompanied by the phenomenon of entrainment and turbulent boiling. The plume radial velocity is approximately Gaussian distribution and decreases with the radial distance. The axial velocity of plume decreases with the increase of water depth, and the velocity of plume decreases rapidly at the position near the leakage hole. With the development of bubble plume turbulence, plume radius gradually develops to both sides and increases linearly with water depth. Compared with the integral model, although the CFD model is more complicated in calculation, but the predicted results are roughly consistent with the experiment, it is necessary to carry out experiments with high leakage flow rate under deep water conditions to determine the accurate empirical coefficient to further improve the calculation accuracy of the integral model.

Key words: underwater pipelines, leakage, multiphase flow, bubble plume, diffusion, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TE 832

王少雄, 李玉星, 刘翠伟, 梁杰, 李安琪, 薛源. 水下输气管道泄漏扩散特性模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(4): 1898-1911.

Shaoxiong WANG, Yuxing LI, Cuiwei LIU, Jie LIANG, Anqi LI, Yuan XUE. Numerical simulation on leakage and diffusion characteristics of underwater gas pipeline[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(4): 1898-1911.

图/表 20

图1 网格模型划分

Fig.1 Mesh model

表1 网格划分方案

Table 1 Mesh classification scheme

方案	网格数/个
1	67800
2	376000
3	1029000

图2 不同数目网格下的羽流上升时间

Fig.2 Plume rise time under different numbers of grids

图3 作用在羽流上的力

Fig.3 Force acting on plume

表2 推荐的经验参数

Table 2 Recommended empirical parameters

参数	范围	推荐值
n	$1 ~ C p C v$	1
α	0.06~0.15	0.1285
λ	0.6~1.0	0.8
v_s/(m/s)	0.1~0.4	0.35
γ	1~2	1.5

表2 推荐的经验参数

Table 2 Recommended empirical parameters

参数	范围	推荐值
n	$1 ~ C p C v$	1
α	0.06~0.15	0.1285
λ	0.6~1.0	0.8
v_s/(m/s)	0.1~0.4	0.35
γ	1~2	1.5

图4 模型算法

Fig.4 Model algorithm

图5 水下管道气体泄漏实验系统1—空气压缩机；2—冷干机；3—过滤器；4,11—缓冲罐；5,10—质量流量计；6—针型阀；7,9—压力表；8—水槽；12—计算机；13—高速摄像机

Fig.5 Experimental system for gas leakage of underwater pipeline

图6 羽流扩散过程

Fig.6 Plume diffusion process

图7 不同水深下的羽流扩散过程

Fig.7 Plume diffusion process at different water depths

图8 不同水深下的羽流半径分布

Fig.8 Plume radius distribution under different water depths

图9 不同水深下的气池扩散过程

Fig.9 Gas pool diffusion process at different water depths

图10 不同水深下的气池半径随时间的变化曲线

Fig.10 Curves of gas pool radius with time under different water depths

图11 不同水位高度处的羽流径向速度分布

Fig.11 Radial velocity distribution of plume at different water depths

图12 不同泄漏速率下中线处的羽流轴向速度分布

Fig.12 Axial velocity distribution at the midline at different leak rates

图13 不同泄漏速率下羽流半径分布

Fig.13 Plume radius distribution at different leakage rates

图14 气体在水面形成的泉涌现象

Fig.14 Fountain phenomenon of gas formation on water surface

图15 水面溢散燃烧现象

Fig.15 Submarine gas pipeline leakage accident

图16 不同泄漏速率下水面处羽流径向泉涌高度分布

Fig.16 Distribution of plume radial fountain height at different leakage rates

表3 积分模型计算的泉涌高度

Table 3 Fountain height calculated by integral model

泄漏速率/(m³/h)	泉涌高度h_f/m	平均初始泉涌高度 $h ˉ p$ /m	最大泉涌高度h_pmax/m
0.21	0.0508	0.1016	0.1575
0.37	0.0748	0.1496	0.2319
0.84	0.1305	0.2610	0.4046

表3 积分模型计算的泉涌高度

Table 3 Fountain height calculated by integral model

泄漏速率/(m³/h)	泉涌高度h_f/m	平均初始泉涌高度 $h ˉ p$ /m	最大泉涌高度h_pmax/m
0.21	0.0508	0.1016	0.1575
0.37	0.0748	0.1496	0.2319
0.84	0.1305	0.2610	0.4046

图17 实验与模拟预测的泉涌高度对比

Fig.17 Comparison of fountain height predicted by simulations and experiments

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