GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合材料的制备及其超电容性能

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191236

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用一步电化学剥离法，在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF₄])电解液中电解石墨棒，产物进行热处理，制得石墨烯/离子液体复合物(GNs/[Bmim][BF₄])。对此复合物进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征，发现GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]复合物具有良好的孔隙结构，在充放电过程中有利于电极结构的保持和电荷的转移。将其应用到超级电容器中，发现其性能较石墨要更加优异，在0.2 A/g电流密度下，比电容可达到221.32 F/g，在功率密度为456.32 W/kg下，能量密度可达83.51 (W·h)/kg。

关键词: 离子液体, 电化学, 电解, 复合物, 比电容, 能量密度

Abstract:

A one-step electrochemical exfoliation method was appliled to electrolyze a graphite rod in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF₄]), and the exfoliation product was thermal-treated to obtain graphene/ionic liquid composite (GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]). Then, the composite was characterized by methods of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The plenty porous structure which can facilitates the retention of the electrode structure and the transfer of charge during charge and discharge was found in the composite of GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]. When the composite was used in supercapacitor electrode, the performence was found to be superior to graphite. At 0.2 A/g current density, the specific capacitance can reach 221.32 F/g, and when the power density was 456.32 W/kg, the energy density was up to 83.51 (W·h)/kg.

Key words: ionic liquid, electrochemistry, electrolysis, composite, specific capacitance, energy density

中图分类号:

TM 53

魏颖, 陶明松, 朱耀锋, 张庆国. GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]复合材料的制备及其超电容性能[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(1): 417-425.

Ying WEI, Mingsong TAO, Yaofeng ZHU, Qingguo ZHANG. Preparation of GNs/[Bmim][BF₄] composites and their supercapacitive properties[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(1): 417-425.

图/表 11

图1 石墨棒电化学剥离图

Fig.1 Electrochemical exfoliation diagram of graphite rod

图2 GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物和[Bmim][BF4]红外光谱图

Fig.2 FT-IR spectra of GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite and [Bmim][BF4]

图3 GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物的热重图

Fig.3 Thermogravimetry diagram of GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite

图4 GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物的SEM图

Fig.4 SEM images of GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite

图5 GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物和石墨的XRD谱图

Fig.5 XRD patterns of GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite and graphite

图6 GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物和石墨的Raman图

Fig.6 Raman patterns of GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite and graphite

图7 循环伏安图

Fig.7 Cyclic voltammogram

图8 石墨和GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物的交流阻抗谱图

Fig.8 AC impedance spectra of graphite and GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite

图9 石墨和GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合物在电流密度为0.2 A/g时的恒流充放电图

Fig.9 Constant current charge and discharge diagram for graphite and GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composite at a current density of 0.2 A/g

图10 超级电容器循环5000次后的比电容保留图

Fig.10 Specific capacitance retention diagram after supercapacitor cycle 5000 times

表1 石墨和GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合材料电化学数据对比

Table 1 Comparison of electrochemical data between graphite and GNs/[Bmim][BF4] composites

体积比电容/

(F/cm³)

面积比电容/

(F/cm²)

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GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]复合材料的制备及其超电容性能

Preparation of GNs/[Bmim][BF₄] composites and their supercapacitive properties

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