正渗透策略和化学清洗海水淡化反渗透膜

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200326

化工学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (S2): 306-313.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200326

• 材料化学工程与纳米技术 • 上一篇下一篇

正渗透策略和化学清洗海水淡化反渗透膜

谭明^1,²(),王文广^1,²(),张晓东³,赵洪武³,张杨^1,²(),杨兴涛³()

^1.青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东青岛 266042
^2.中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所，山东青岛 266101
^3.青岛百发海水淡化有限公司，山东青岛 266043

收稿日期:2020-03-30 修回日期:2020-04-07 出版日期:2020-11-06 发布日期:2020-11-06
通讯作者: 张杨,杨兴涛
作者简介:谭明(1980—)，男，博士，副教授，tanming@qust.edu.cn|王文广(1994—)，男，硕士，研究助理，269530287@qq.com
基金资助:
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018CXGC1005);国家自然科学基金项目(21878319);中科院大连化学物理研究所与青岛生物能源与过程研究所两所融合基金项目(DICP&QIBEBT UN201809)

Forward-osmosis strategy and chemical cleaning of seawater desalination reverse osmosis membranes

Ming TAN^1,²(),Wenguang WANG^1,²(),Xiaodong ZHANG³,Hongwu ZHAO³,Yang ZHANG^1,²(),Xingtao YANG³()

^1.College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
^2.Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
^3.Qingdao Befesa Seawater Desalination Co. Ltd. , Qingdao 266043，Shandong, China

Received:2020-03-30 Revised:2020-04-07 Online:2020-11-06 Published:2020-11-06
Contact: Yang ZHANG,Xingtao YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决海水淡化过程中反渗透膜的污染问题，研究了基于正渗透策略的反渗透产水、模拟反渗透浓水、模拟海水不同的组合清洗和清洗时间对膜通量和截留率的影响。针对不可逆污染，研究了不同化学清洗药剂、浸泡时间、浓度对膜通量和截留率的影响。结果表明，正渗透策略清洗方式中，淡水/模拟反渗透浓水的组合清洗方式效果最佳，其归一化通量从9.48 L/(m²·h·MPa)提升至13.6 L/(m²·h·MPa)，截留率从80.59%提升至92.80%。此外，经质量分数为2%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡2 h后，再使用质量分数为1%的乙二胺四乙酸四钠盐和0.3%的三聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡1.5 h，其归一化通量从9.48 L/(m²·h·MPa)提升至14.3 L/(m²·h·MPa)，截留率从80.59%提升至96.27%。从SEM和AFM图可以看出，正渗透清洗策略并未对膜表面选择层造成损坏，且可以清洗膜表面的有机污染物和无机污染物，因此，应用这种方法对污染的反渗透膜进行清洗，可延长化学清洗周期，减少化学清洗剂用量，具有一定的工业应用前景。

关键词: 膜, 分离, 脱盐, 正渗透清洗, 海水淡化, 反渗透

Abstract:

In order to settle the membrane fouling of reverse osmosis membranes in seawater desalination process, this study reported a novel strategy based on forward-osmosis process and discussed the effects of different factors like different cleaning combination among reverse osmosis product, simulated reverse osmosis concentrate and simulated seawater, as well as cleaning time on the membrane permeate flux and salt rejection. For irreversible fouling, the effects of different chemical cleaning agents, immersion time and concentration were also investigated in this study. The results exhibited that the cleaning combination between diluted water and simulated reverse osmosis concentrate possessed the best cleaning performance in the process of forward-osmosis cleaning. Such approach also enhanced normalized flux from 9.48 L/(m²·h·MPa) to 13.6 L/(m²·h·MPa) and enhanced NaCl rejection from 80.59% to 92.80%. Furthermore, the normalized flux was enhanced from 9.48 L/(m²·h·MPa) to 14.3 L/(m²·h·MPa) and NaCl rejection was also enhanced from 80.59% to 96.27% after soaking in 2%(mass) citric acid solution for 2h, soaking with 1%(mass) ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid tetrasodium salt and 0.3%(mass) sodium tripolyphosphate solution for 1.5 h. According to the result of SEM images and AFM images, the forward-osmosis cleaning strategy could not cause the damage of selective layer of membrane surface and caused the drop of inorganic and organic fouling on the membrane surface. Hence, cleaning fouled RO membranes by such approach could prolong the chemical cleaning cycle and reduce the amount of chemical cleaning agent, which has certain industrial application perspectives.

Key words: membrane, separation, desalination, forward-osmosis cleaning, seawater desalination, reverse osmosis

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

谭明, 王文广, 张晓东, 赵洪武, 张杨, 杨兴涛. 正渗透策略和化学清洗海水淡化反渗透膜[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S2): 306-313.

Ming TAN, Wenguang WANG, Xiaodong ZHANG, Hongwu ZHAO, Yang ZHANG, Xingtao YANG. Forward-osmosis strategy and chemical cleaning of seawater desalination reverse osmosis membranes[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S2): 306-313.

图/表 12

图1 自制反渗透膜清洗装置1—淡室进口；2—淡室出口；3—浓室进口；4—浓室出口；5—淡室；6—浓室，反渗透膜的分离层面向浓室

Fig.1 Homemade reverse osmosis membrane cleaning apparatus

图2 清洗时间与归一化通量和截留率关系

Fig.2 Relationship among normalized flux, rejection and cleaning time

图3 清洗时间与归一化通量和截留率的关系

Fig.3 Relationship among normalized flux, rejection and cleaning time

图4 不同清洗组合方式与归一化通量和截留率关系

Fig.4 Relationship among normalized flux, rejection and cleaning methods

表1 柠檬酸浓度与浸泡时间对归一化通量的影响

Table 1 Effects of citric acid concentration and soaking time on normalized flux

浸泡时间/h	归一化通量
浸泡时间/h	2%柠檬酸	3%柠檬酸	4%柠檬酸
0	9.48±0.17	9.48±0.17	9.48±0.17
1	7.81±0.09	9.41±0.02	7.23±0.05
1.5	7.72±0.01	9.79±0.05	6.75±0.01
2	7.57±0.01	10.43±0.05	6.16±0.08

表2 柠檬酸浓度与浸泡时间对NaCl截留率的影响

Table 2 Effects of citric acid concentration and soaking time on NaCl rejection

浸泡时间/h	NaCl截留率/%
浸泡时间/h	2%柠檬酸	3%柠檬酸	4%柠檬酸
0	80.21	80.21	80.21
1	79.42	76.64	77.61
1.5	85.83	75.67	84.89
2	86.52	74.37	83.56

表3 三聚磷酸钠浓度与浸泡时间对归一化通量的影响

Table 3 Effects of tripolyphosphate concentration and soaking time on normalized flux

浸泡时间/h	归一化通量
浸泡时间/h	1%EDTA四钠盐、 0.1%三聚磷酸钠	1%EDTA四钠盐、 0.2%三聚磷酸钠	1%EDTA四钠盐、 0.3%三聚磷酸钠
0	9.48±0.17	9.48±0.17	9.48±0.17
1	12.65±0.09	12.64±0.03	11.97±0.09
1.5	16.53±0.02	15.22±0.03	14.30±0.03
2	15.50±0.02	14.94±0.03	15.20±0.06

表4 三聚磷酸钠浓度与浸泡时间对NaCl截留率的影响

Table 4 Effects of tripolyphosphate concentration and soaking time on NaCl rejection

浸泡时间/h	NaCl截留率
浸泡时间/h	1%EDTA四钠盐、 0.1%三聚磷酸钠	1%EDTA四钠盐、 0.2%三聚磷酸钠	1%EDTA四钠盐、 0.3%三聚磷酸钠
0	80.59%	80.59%	80.59%
1	87.32%	90.40%	93.15%
1.5	94.07%	94.99%	96.27%
2	91.81%	92.83%	95.29%

图5 不同膜清洗方式清洗后AFM图

Fig.5 AFM micrographs of membranes after cleaning with different methods

图6 不同清洗方式清洗后SEM图

Fig.6 SEM images of membranes after cleaning with different methods

图7 不同清洗方式清洗后RO膜红外谱图

Fig.7 IR spectra of membranes after cleaning with different methods

图8 不同清洗方式清洗后RO膜zeta电位图

Fig.8 Zeta potential of RO membranes after cleaning with different methods

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正渗透策略和化学清洗海水淡化反渗透膜

Forward-osmosis strategy and chemical cleaning of seawater desalination reverse osmosis membranes

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