一种模拟气液相变过程的相变模型

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200663

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出了一种基于VOF（volume of fluid）方法的相变模型，用于计算气液相变过程的控制方程中的传热传质源项。在单位时间步长上相界面附近发生的传热以瞬态热扩散来考虑，并假设该传热导致了相变的发生。相变模型能够通过相界面单元的温度、流体热物性以及时间步长来计算传热传质源项。通过一维Stefan问题和二维水平膜沸腾问题对该相变模型进行验证，对比了相界面位置以及温度分布，结果与理论解吻合良好。进一步探讨了相变模型中的时间步长对计算精度的影响。结果表明时间步长越小，本相变模型模拟得到的结果与理论解的偏差越小。

关键词: 相变, VOF, 源相, 模拟, 多相流

Abstract:

A new phase change model based on VOF (volume of fluid) method is proposed to calculate the energy and mass source terms in the equations describing the vapor-liquid phase change process. The heat transfer occurring near the interface is considered as a transient thermal diffusion process. The phase change model calculates the energy and mass source terms in terms of the temperature of the interfacial cell, thermal physical properties of gas and liquid phases, and the time step. One-dimension Stefan problem and two-dimension horizontal film boiling were adopted to verify this new phase change model. Simulation results of the interface position and temperature distribution agree well with analytical solutions. The effect of the time step on the simulation accuracy is discussed. The results show that the deviations between the simulation results and the theoretical results decrease with the decreasing time step.

Key words: phase change, VOF, source, simulation, multiphase flow

中图分类号:

TQ 021

陈光, 闫孝红. 一种模拟气液相变过程的相变模型[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S2): 62-69.

Guang CHEN, Xiaohong YAN. A phase change model for simulation of vapor-liquid phase change process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S2): 62-69.

图/表 12

图1 一维相变过程中相界面单元与邻近的过热单元

Fig.1 Interfacial cell and near superheating cell during one-dimension phase change process

图2 一维Stefan相变问题几何模型与边界条件

Fig.2 One-dimension Stefan phase change problem diagram and boundary conditions

表1 在101.3 kPa下水与水蒸气的物性

Table 1 Physical properties of water and steam at 101.3 kPa

表面张力系数

σ_l_v/(N/m)

表2 Stefan问题计算案例

Table 2 Calculation cases of Stefan problem

编号	网格尺寸/μm	时间步长/s
1	5	2×10^-5
2	5	5×10^-5
3	5	1×10^-4
4	10	2×10^-5

图3 不同网格尺寸下Stefan问题相界面位置随时间变化

Fig.3 Interface position varying with time of Stefan problem under different grid sizes

图4 不同计算时间步长下Stefan问题0.4～0.5 s内相界面位置随时间变化结果

Fig.4 Interface position varying with time of Stefan problem from 0.4 s to 0.5 s under different time steps

图5 不同计算时间步长下Stefan问题相界面单元温度偏离饱和温度随时间变化情况

Fig.5 Deviation between interfacial cell temperature and saturation temperature with time under different time steps

图6 二维轴对称水平膜沸腾

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of two-dimensional axisymmetric horizontal film boiling

表3 二维水平膜沸腾问题气液物性

Table 3 Properties of vapor and liquid in two-dimensional horizontal film boiling problem

项目

密度ρ/

(kg/m³)

黏度μ/

(Pa·s)

比热容c_p/

(J/(kg·K))

热导率k/

(W/(m·K))

图7 不同网格尺寸下二维水平膜沸腾总气相体积分数变化

Fig.7 Total vapor volume varying with time of two-dimensional film boiling under different grid sizes

图8 二维水平膜沸腾在几个时刻内相界面、速度矢量和温度等值线图

Fig.8 Contours of interface, velocity vector and temperature of two-dimensional film boiling at different times

图9 水平膜沸腾Nu随时间变化

Fig.9 Nu varying with time of two-dimensional film boiling

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