大长径比垂直换热管外瞬态池沸腾的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200948

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过实验研究了在瞬态条件下垂直换热管外池沸腾的流动和传热特性，获得了两相流动的可视化结果，展现了池沸腾沿垂直管流型的演变过程。分析了换热管于大尺度受限空间和开放空间的池沸腾换热特性的差异，受限空间下整体传热性能优于开放空间，而受限空间下上部与底部位置的传热系数的比值小于开放空间；随着热负荷的增加，开放空间与受限空间的差异化减小。此外，针对饱和池沸腾进行了与实验模型相对应的数值模拟，开放空间的池沸腾流场呈现出分层、渐进和传导性的对流特性；而受限空间下，受限边界的内外水域间形成了上下循环的对流机制。

关键词: 流型, 传热, 可视化, 两相流, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Through experiments, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of pool boiling outside the vertical heat exchange tube under transient conditions were studied, and the visualization results of two-phase flow were obtained, showing the evolution process of pool boiling along the vertical tube flow pattern. The differences of pool boiling are analyzed between the large scale restricted space and the open space. Analysis of overall heat transfer in restricted space is superior to that in open space. However, the heat transfer coefficient ratio between the upper location and bottom position is less than that of the open space. The more heat load increases, the less time difference between open space and restricted space is. Meanwhile, numerical simulations corresponding to the experimental model are carried out to investigate the saturated pool boiling. The flow fields of pool boiling in the open space presents a hierarchical, progressive, and conductive circulation. The thermal stratification is formed in open space. While the setting of restricted space forms the circulation convection mechanism between the large pool and the restricted space.

Key words: flow pattern, heat transfer, visualization, two-phase, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 124

田永生, 季万祥, 陈增桥, 王乃华. 大长径比垂直换热管外瞬态池沸腾的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(4): 2018-2026.

TIAN Yongsheng, JI Wanxiang, CHEN Zengqiao, WANG Naihua. Study of transient pool boiling on vertical tube with large length-diameter ratio[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(4): 2018-2026.

图/表 10

图1 实验系统及实验罐体结构

Fig.1 Experimental system and structure of the tank

图2 水域内测温线Line 2上水域测点温度演变过程

Fig.2 Variation of water temperature on Line 2

表1 罐体水温测点达到100℃的时间

Table 1 Time to reach 100℃ in tank

H/D	T_oil =120℃			T_oil =140℃			T_oil =160℃
H/D	t₁/s	t₂/s	(t₁-t₂)/s	t₁/s	t₂/s	(t₁-t₂)/s	t₁/s	t₂/s	(t₁-t₂)/s
2.5	57829	49450	8379	28041	20618	7423	19194	14088	5106
25	45031	48735	-3704	19503	20393	-890	13224	13924	-700
50	43426	48051	-4625	19102	20273	-1171	12870	13860	-990
72.5	43326	48009	-4683	19098	20266	-1168	12849	13815	-966
t₂_.5-t_72.5	14503	1441	—	8943	352	—	6345	273	—

图3 受限与开放空间下瞬态壁面传热系数及水域温度的对比(Tin=160℃)

Fig.3 Comparison of transient heat transfer coefficient and bulk liquid temperature between the confined space and the open space

图4 开放空间不同负荷下垂直换热管外流型演变

Fig.4 Flow pattern of pool boiling along with the vertical tube for different heat fluxes in the open space

图5 上部各测点与底部（H/D=2.5）测点传热系数之比

Fig.5 Heat transfer coefficient ratio between the upper location and bottom (H/D=2.5)

图6 垂直换热管外池沸腾的物理模型

Fig.6 The physical model of pool boiling on the vertical heat transfer tube

表2 网格独立性验证数据

Table 2 The data of grid independence verification

网格数/个	管外壁平均传热系数/(W/(m²·℃)
599089	6608
670986	7451
750456	7721
802205	7801

图7 数值模拟与实验结果的对比

Fig.7 Comparison analysis between the simulation and experiment

图8 物理场对比

Fig.8 Comparison of physical fields

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