电动汽车电池冷却器冷却液侧传热与流动性能仿真

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201560

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对双回路液冷电池热管理系统关键部件电池冷却器进行仿真研究，将提取出的冷却液侧流道作为研究对象，分析换热器中波纹板结构、冷却液质量流量与入口温度对于流道内流动及换热的影响。研究发现，波纹及上下板间的触点结构会在流道中产生的二次流，在低Reynolds数（Re=739）下即可达到湍流，增强了换热效果。拟合了板片Nusselt数与Reynolds数的关系式，发现板片的平均传热系数随着质量流量的提高而增加，增幅可达374%，但功耗也随之迅速增加，因而，需要合理选择质量流量以平衡传热与功耗。冷却液入口温度主要通过热物性影响传热系数及压降，但整体影响幅度较小，因而在实际使用中可不考虑季节与运行因素对电池冷却器性能的影响。

关键词: 电动汽车热管理, 电池冷却器, 数值模拟, 传热, 压降, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

A simulation study was carried out for the chiller, which is a key component of the secondary loop liquid battery cooling system. The coolant side flow channel was taken as the research object to analyze the influences of corrugated plate structure, coolant mass flow rate and inlet temperature on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. It is found that the second flow generated by the ripple and the contact structure between the upper and lower plates will enhance the turbulence and weaken the thickness of the boundary layer, thus enhancing the heat transfer effect, even when Reynolds number is as low as 739. And, the fitting equation between Nusselt number and Reynolds number showed that average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of the plate increases with mass flow rate, but this will inevitably enlarge the pressure drop, so it need balance the heat transfer effect and power consumption. In addition, the variation of inlet temperature, which leads to the change of coolant thermal physical properties, caused a slight effect on the HTC and pressure drop. Therefore, the effects of seasonal and operating condition on the heat transfer performance need not consider.

Key words: thermal management of electric vehicles, chiller, numerical analysis, heat transfer, pressure drop, computational fluid dynamics

中图分类号:

TK 172

山訸, 马秋鸣, 潘权稳, 曹伟亮, 王强, 王如竹. 电动汽车电池冷却器冷却液侧传热与流动性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 194-202.

SHAN He, MA Qiuming, PAN Quanwen, CAO Weiliang, WANG Qiang, WANG Ruzhu. Simulation of heat transfer performance in the coolant side of a novel chiller for electric vehicles thermal management system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 194-202.

图/表 12

图1 双回路液冷电池热管理系统

Fig.1 Second-loop indirect liquid cooling battery thermal management system

图2 电池冷却器整体结构外形

Fig.2 Overall structure and shape of the chiller

图3 网格横截面

Fig.3 Cross section diagram of mesh

表1 网格无关性检验

Table 1 Mesh independence

算例

网格数量/个

相对平均误差

（对比网格3）

表2 冷却液（50%乙二醇-50%水）物性

Table 2 Properties of coolant （50% ethylene glycol – 50% water）

温度/K	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/(J/(kg·K))	热导率/(W/(m·K))	黏度/(kg/(m·s))
273.15	1081.1	3203	0.364	0.00808
278.15	1079.346	3223	0.368	0.00664
283.15	1077.472	3242	0.372	0.00551
288.15	1075.478	3262	0.376	0.00463
293.15	1073.364	3281	0.38	0.00393
298.15	1071.13	3301	0.384	0.00338
303.15	1068.776	3320	0.387	0.00293
308.15	1066.302	3340	0.391	0.00257
313.15	1063.708	3359	0.394	0.00226

图4 试验与仿真换热量对比

Fig.4 Comparison of heat exchange capacity between simulation and experiment

图5 流道不同高度位置横截面上速度云图

Fig.5 Velocity contour on cross section at different height positions

图6 对称位置横截面上部分区域流线

Fig.6 Streamline on cross section at a symmetric position

图7 对称位置横截面上温度云图

Fig.7 Temperature contour on cross section at a symmetric position

图8 两板接触点附近的温度和流速云图

Fig.8 Temperature and velocity contour near contact area

图9 平均传热系数及压降随质量流量的变化

Fig.9 Average HTC and pressure drop varies with mass flow rate

图10 平均传热系数及压降随入口温度的变化

Fig.10 Average HTC and pressure drop varied with inlet temperature

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