光热超疏水材料的制备与防、除冰性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210698

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

户外设备表面结冰给人类生活和生产带来了众多不便，研究具有防结冰性能和除冰性能的新一代防、除冰材料对于户外设备的持久稳定运行具有重要意义。本文利用模板法将三氧化二钛（Ti₂O₃）粉末和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）混合制备具有规则阵列结构的光热超疏水材料，并研究其防结冰性能与光热除冰性能。得益于Ti₂O₃优异的光热性能，制备的材料在100 mW/cm²光照条件下的光热温升可达55℃，冻结在表面的液滴可在200 s内融化，具有优异的光热转换与光热除冰性能。而PDMS材料固化后本征疏水，加规则阵列微结构后赋予材料优异的超疏水性能，其接触角高达153°，滚动角小于5°。无光照时的结冰延迟时间长达1300 s，是无光热材料表面结冰延迟时间的3倍。而在光照时由于其优异的光热性能，液滴在长达6 h的结冰测试中尚未结冰，表明材料具有优异的光热防结冰性能。研究结果论证了利用自然界丰富太阳能进行除冰的可能性，为户外设备表面除冰技术提供新的方式。

关键词: 太阳能, 表面, 制备, 超疏水, 光热除冰

Abstract:

Icing on the surface of outdoor equipment brings a lot of inconvenience to human life and production. It is of great significance to study a new generation of anti-icing/deicing materials with anti-icing and deicing properties for the stability and durability of outdoor equipment. In this paper, the photothermal superhydrophobic material with a regular array structure was prepared by mixing dititanium trioxide (Ti₂O₃) powder with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solvent by template method, and its anti-icing and photothermal deicing performance was studied. Due to the excellent photothermal response of Ti₂O₃ material, the surface average temperature of the prepared material can reach 60℃ under the light illumination condition of 100 mW/cm², and the ice droplets on the surface can melt within 200 s. The results demonstrated that the materials have excellent photothermal conversion and photothermal deicing performance. Besides, PDMS material is inherently hydrophobic after curing, and the regular array micro-structure gives the material excellent superhydrophobic performance, with a contact angle of 153° and a rolling angle less than 5°. The icing delay time in the absence of light illumination is up to 1300 s, which is three times that of ordinary superhydrophobic materials. What's more, the droplets did not icing during the 6 h icing test due to its excellent photothermal properties, which indicates that the material has excellent photothermal anti-icing performance. The results of this study prove the possibility of using the abundant solar energy in nature to deicing and provide a new method for surface deicing technology of outdoor equipment.

Key words: solar energy, surface, preparation, superhydrophobic, photothermal deicing

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

谢震廷, 王宏, 朱恂, 陈蓉, 丁玉栋, 廖强. 光热超疏水材料的制备与防、除冰性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5840-5848.

Zhenting XIE, Hong WANG, Xun ZHU, Rong CHEN, Yudong DING, Qiang LIAO. Preparation and anti-icing/deicing performance of photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(11): 5840-5848.

图/表 11

图1 表面制备示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of surface preparation

图2 可视化实验系统示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of visual experiment system

图3 表面微观形貌和液滴接触角图像

Fig.3 SEM and WCA image of SHS(a) and PT@SHS(b) surfaces

表1 室温条件下不同样品的接触角和滚动角

Table 1 Water contact angle and roll angle on various samples at room temperature

样品	特性	WCA/(°)	RA/(°)
普通超疏水表面	超疏水	153.12±1.96	4.65±1.50
光热超疏水表面	超疏水	153.79±1.29	4.44±1.25

图4 1个太阳光照条件下普通超疏水表面(a)和光热超疏水表面(b)红外热像仪图像

Fig.4 FTIR image of SHS(a) and PT@SHS(b) surface under 1 sun illumination conditions

图5 表面平均温度随着时间的变化

Fig.5 The change of surface average temperature of different materials with time

图6 单液滴结冰过程中的光学照片(a) 普通超疏水表面无光照; (b) 光热超疏水表面无光照; (c) 普通超疏水表面有光照; (d) 光热超疏水表面有光照

Fig.6 Photography of water droplet during icing process(a) the SHS no light; (b) the PT@SHS no light; (c) the SHS in light; (d) the PT@SHS in light

图7 不同材料在不同条件下的防结冰性能

Fig.7 Anti-icing performance of different materials under different conditions

图8 冻结冰滴在普通超疏水表面(a)和光热超疏水表面(b)的融化过程图像

Fig.8 Photography of icing droplet melting process on SHS(a) and PT@SHS(b) surfaces

图9 不同材料的光热除冰性能

Fig.9 Photothermal deicing performance of different materials

图10 光热超疏水材料的自清洁与抗紫外性能测试

Fig.10 Self-cleaning and ultraviolet lamp irradiation test of PT@SHS

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