面向氢气/甲烷分离分子筛膜微结构调控的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能具有燃烧值高、零碳排放等优势，发展氢能技术是实现“碳达峰、碳中和”战略的重要举措。当前，基于天然气和石油路线的制氢均存在将氢气从甲烷等烃分子中分离的过程。氢气/甲烷分离主要有变压吸附法、深冷精馏法以及膜分离法。分子筛膜具有精准分子筛分、高分离性能和稳定性好等优势，是低能耗分离氢气/甲烷最具发展潜力的膜材料。面向氢气/甲烷分离的应用需求，阐述了沸石分子筛膜和MOFs分子筛膜微结构调控策略、氢气/甲烷分离性能和构效关系的研究现状，分析了分子筛膜材料在氢气/甲烷分离领域的机遇和挑战。绘制了可与2008年聚合物膜Robeson上限图相比的分子筛膜性能数据图，并预测了分子筛膜在制氢分离领域经济可行的分离性能目标区域。

关键词: 膜, 制氢, 沸石, H₂/CH₄分离, 分子筛膜, 金属有机框架

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high combustion value and zero carbon emissions. The development of hydrogen energy technology is an important measure to realize the“carbon peak and carbon neutral”strategy. The current hydrogen is mainly produced from the water shift reactions of natural gas, by-produced from the fabrication of ethylene and propylene in the petroleum industry and purge gas. Separation of hydrogen from hydrocarbons (methane as the typical composition) is necessary for the natural gas and petroleum- based hydrogen production. Separation technologies of H₂/CH₄ mixture include pressure swing adsorption, cryogenic distillation and membrane separation. Molecular sieving membranes [zeolite and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)] become the most potential ones for the energy-saving separation of H₂/CH₄ mixtures due to their advantages of precise molecular sieving, high separation performance and anti-aging properties. The strategies of microstructure regulation and H₂/CH₄ separation performance of molecular sieving membranes and the relationship of structure-performance were stated in this review. Opportunities and challenges of molecular sieving membranes were analyzed for H₂/CH₄ separation. In order to quantify and compare the separation performance of different membrane materials, the performance data of molecular sieving membranes for H₂/CH₄ separation were summarized in 2008 Robeson upper bound chart that was previously used for the comparison of polymeric membranes. The economically available target regions of the separation performance of molecular sieving membranes for hydrogen separation were also predicted.

Key words: membrane, hydrogen production, zeolite, H₂/CH₄ separation, molecular sieving membrane, MOFs

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

柳波, 潘宜昌, 周荣飞, 邢卫红. 面向氢气/甲烷分离分子筛膜微结构调控的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(12): 6073-6085.

Bo LIU, Yichang PAN, Rongfei ZHOU, Weihong XING. Research progress on microstructure regulation of molecular sieving membranes for H₂/CH₄ separation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6073-6085.

图/表 19

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