一种热电协同增强的固体氧化物燃料电池新型连接件的数值模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220933

化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (12): 5572-5580.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220933

一种热电协同增强的固体氧化物燃料电池新型连接件的数值模拟

郑克晴¹(), 孙亚¹^,², 闫阳天¹, 李丽³^,⁴, 杨钧⁵()

^1.中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院，江苏徐州 221116
^2.沪东中华造船（集团）有限公司，上海 200135
^3.江苏理工学院汽车与交通工程学院，江苏常州 213001
^4.西安交通大学电气工程学院，陕西西安 710049
^5.中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，浙江宁波 315201

收稿日期:2022-07-01 修回日期:2022-10-27 出版日期:2022-12-05 发布日期:2023-01-17
通讯作者: 杨钧
作者简介:郑克晴（1989—），女，博士，副教授，keqingzheng@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51806241)

Numerical simulation of novel SOFC interconnector with thermoelectric co-enhancement

Keqing ZHENG¹(), Ya SUN¹^,², Yangtian YAN¹, Li LI³^,⁴, Jun YANG⁵()

^1.School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^2.Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding (Group) Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 200135, China
^3.School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu, China
^4.School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^5.Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China

Received:2022-07-01 Revised:2022-10-27 Online:2022-12-05 Published:2023-01-17
Contact: Jun YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热管理技术的发展对于固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell，SOFC)产业化具有重要意义。目前SOFC热管理的主要方法为在阴极通入过量空气，以空气带走电池的产热。由于空气的比热容较小，这种热管理方法导致较高的额外功耗。因此基于氨气裂解吸热效应，提出一种新型连接件，通过平衡局部氨气裂解吸热量与电化学反应放热量实现SOFC热管理。数值模拟结果表明，相比于过量空气的热管理方法，新型连接件使电池的最大温度差降低了80.2%，使电池性能提高了23.1%，证明了新型连接件具有热电协同增强的潜力。

关键词: 燃料电池, 数值模拟, 化学反应, 热管理, 连接件

Abstract:

The development of thermal management technology is of great significance to the industrialization of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). At present, the main method of SOFC thermal management is to supply excess air into the cathode to take away the waste heat. However, this method results in high extra power consumption due to the small specific heat capacity of air. Therefore, in this paper, a novel interconnector is proposed for SOFC thermal management, in which the in-site heat production of the cell is balanced by the heat absorption of NH₃ cracking reaction. The results show that compared with the excess air thermal management method, the novel interconnector reduces the maximum temperature difference in the cell by 80.2% and improves the cell performance by 23.1%. The numerical results demonstrate the potential of the novel interconnector for thermo-electric synergistic enhancement.

Key words: fuel cell, numerical simulation, chemical reaction, thermal management, interconnector

中图分类号:

TK 91

郑克晴, 孙亚, 闫阳天, 李丽, 杨钧. 一种热电协同增强的固体氧化物燃料电池新型连接件的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5572-5580.

Keqing ZHENG, Ya SUN, Yangtian YAN, Li LI, Jun YANG. Numerical simulation of novel SOFC interconnector with thermoelectric co-enhancement[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5572-5580.

图/表 13

图1 传统连接件结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of structure of conventional interconnector

图2 新型连接件结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of structure of novel interconnector

图3 新型连接件中气体的流动方式

Fig.3 Gas flow model in novel interconnector

表1 模型的几何尺寸和运行工况参数

Table 1 Structural dimensions and working conditions of model

符号	数值	单位	物理意义
$L_c h a n n e l$	10	mm	流道长度
$H_c h a n n e l$	0.5	mm	流道高度
H_electrode_a	0.415	mm	阳极电极厚度
H_electrode_c	0.002	mm	阴极电极厚度
H_electrolyte	0.001	mm	电解质层厚度
p	1	atm^①	压强
T	1000	K	温度
x_H₂	0.9		入口处氢气的摩尔分数
x_O₂	0.21		入口处氧气的摩尔分数
dens_c	3030	kg/m³	阴极密度
dens_a	3310	kg/m³	阳极密度
dens_e	5160	kg/m³	电解质密度
por_a	0.4		阳极孔隙率
por_c	0.4		阴极孔隙率
V_cell	0.7	V	电压
u_a	1	m/s	阳极气体流速
u_c	1~4	m/s	阴极气体流速

表1 模型的几何尺寸和运行工况参数

Table 1 Structural dimensions and working conditions of model

符号	数值	单位	物理意义
$L_c h a n n e l$	10	mm	流道长度
$H_c h a n n e l$	0.5	mm	流道高度
H_electrode_a	0.415	mm	阳极电极厚度
H_electrode_c	0.002	mm	阴极电极厚度
H_electrolyte	0.001	mm	电解质层厚度
p	1	atm^①	压强
T	1000	K	温度
x_H₂	0.9		入口处氢气的摩尔分数
x_O₂	0.21		入口处氧气的摩尔分数
dens_c	3030	kg/m³	阴极密度
dens_a	3310	kg/m³	阳极密度
dens_e	5160	kg/m³	电解质密度
por_a	0.4		阳极孔隙率
por_c	0.4		阴极孔隙率
V_cell	0.7	V	电压
u_a	1	m/s	阳极气体流速
u_c	1~4	m/s	阴极气体流速

表2 求解电子、离子和气体输运控制方程的边界条件

Table 2 Boundary conditions for solving governing equations of electron， ion and gas transport

项目	阳极/通道	阳极/电解质	阴极/电解质	阴极/通道
离子电荷平衡	$J_{i o}^{a} \cdot n = 0$	$J_{i o}^{a} \cdot n = j$	$J_{i o}^{c} \cdot n = j$	$J_{i o}^{c} \cdot n = 0$
电子电荷平衡	0	$J_{e l}^{a} \cdot n = 0$	$J_{e l}^{c} \cdot n = 0$	$V_{c e l l}$
质量平衡	$P_{H_{2}, i n l e t}$	$N_{H_{2}} \cdot n = 0$	$N_{O_{2}} \cdot n = 0$	$P_{O_{2}, i n l e t}$

表2 求解电子、离子和气体输运控制方程的边界条件

Table 2 Boundary conditions for solving governing equations of electron， ion and gas transport

项目	阳极/通道	阳极/电解质	阴极/电解质	阴极/通道
离子电荷平衡	$J_{i o}^{a} \cdot n = 0$	$J_{i o}^{a} \cdot n = j$	$J_{i o}^{c} \cdot n = j$	$J_{i o}^{c} \cdot n = 0$
电子电荷平衡	0	$J_{e l}^{a} \cdot n = 0$	$J_{e l}^{c} \cdot n = 0$	$V_{c e l l}$
质量平衡	$P_{H_{2}, i n l e t}$	$N_{H_{2}} \cdot n = 0$	$N_{O_{2}} \cdot n = 0$	$P_{O_{2}, i n l e t}$

表3 调整几何参数进行模型验证

Table 3 Adjust geometric parameters for model verification

符号	原参数	现参数
$L_c h a n n e l$	10 mm	100 mm
V_cell	0.7 V	0.7~0.9 V
u_a	1 m/s	1 m/s
u_c	1~5 m/s	4.5 m/s
$κ_{i a}$	10	2.5
$κ_{i c}$	0.7	1

表3 调整几何参数进行模型验证

Table 3 Adjust geometric parameters for model verification

符号	原参数	现参数
$L_c h a n n e l$	10 mm	100 mm
V_cell	0.7 V	0.7~0.9 V
u_a	1 m/s	1 m/s
u_c	1~5 m/s	4.5 m/s
$κ_{i a}$	10	2.5
$κ_{i c}$	0.7	1

图4 本模型与Andersson等的模型[29]在不同电压时电流密度的比较

Fig.4 Comparison of current density between this model and Andersson et al[29] model at different voltages

图5 流速与NH3摩尔分数对温度分布的影响

Fig.5 Effects of flow rate and mole fraction of ammonia on temperature distribution

图6 流速与NH3摩尔分数对电池性能的影响

Fig.6 Effects of flow rate and mole fraction of ammonia on cell performance

图7 两种热管理方法时电池的热电性能比较

Fig.7 Thermo-electric performance of cell in two heat management methods

图8 使用新型连接件时电池的温度分布情况

Fig.8 Temperature distribution of the cell when using the novel interconector

图9 不同抑制系数时电池的温度分布与电流密度

Fig.9 Temperature distribution and current density of cell in different inhibition coefficient

图10 催化剂梯度分布示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of catalyst gradient distribution

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一种热电协同增强的固体氧化物燃料电池新型连接件的数值模拟

Numerical simulation of novel SOFC interconnector with thermoelectric co-enhancement

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