纳米粒子稳定的Pickering乳液及其液滴聚并动力学研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230752

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乳液是一种良好的分散体系，可用于医药、食品、材料等领域。纳米粒子可以有效提高乳液的稳定性，因此，纳米粒子稳定乳液及液滴聚并动力学研究对于稳定乳液的制备及应用具有重要意义。纳米粒子润湿性、尺寸、形状、浓度、携带电荷类型等均会对颗粒与液滴间的相互作用产生影响，进而影响液滴间的聚并行为。对纳米粒子与液滴间的作用机制进行了介绍，并对液滴的聚并动力学研究进展进行了综述，同时对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 纳米粒子, 液滴, 聚并, 动力学, 模拟, 乳液

Abstract:

Emulsion is a good dispersion system, which could be used in medicine, food, materials and other fields. Nanoparticles could effectively improve the stability of the emulsion, accordingly, the studies on nanoparticles stabilizing emulsions and droplet coalescence dynamics are of critical importance for the preparation and application of stable emulsions. The wettability, size, shape, concentration of nanoparticles and charge type carried by nanoparticles all affect the interaction between nanoparticles and droplets, and then affect the coalescence behavior between droplets. This article introduces the interaction mechanism between nanoparticles and droplets, reviews the research progress of droplet aggregation dynamics, and looks forward to future research directions.

Key words: nanoparticles, droplet, coalescence, dynamics, simulation, emulsions

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

赵文琪, 邓燕君, 朱春英, 付涛涛, 马友光. 纳米粒子稳定的Pickering乳液及其液滴聚并动力学研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 33-46.

Wenqi ZHAO, Yanjun DENG, Chunying ZHU, Taotao FU, Youguang MA. Research progress on nanoparticle stabilizing Pickering emulsion and droplet coalescence dynamics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(1): 33-46.

图/表 11

图1 包覆颗粒的乳状液滴的弯曲行为[48]

Fig.1 Bending behavior of emulsion droplets coated in particles[48]

图2 纳米粒子在液滴表面的吸附[31]

Fig.2 Adsorption of nanoparticles on the droplet interface[31]

图3 不同形状纳米粒子在液滴表面的吸附

Fig.3 Adsorption of nanoparticles with different shape on surface of droplet

图4 共聚焦激光扫描显微镜图像显示了Pickering乳液界面上的微粒子的形态（固体颗粒的直径为1.1 μm）[72]

Fig.4 Confocal laser scanning microscopy images show the morphology of microparticles at Pickering emulsion interfaces with solid particles measuring 1.1 μm in diameter[72]

图5 乳液中液滴的絮凝[73]

Fig.5 The snapshots of flocculated droplets in emulsions[73]

图6 T型微通道内液滴的聚并流型[98]

Fig.6 The droplet flow patterns observed in the T-junction microchannel[98]

图7 纳米粒子对液滴聚并影响的机理[27]

Fig.7 Mechanism of the effects of nanoparticles on droplet coalescence[27]

图8 纳米粒子的吸附作用对于液膜排干过程的影响[99]

Fig.8 Effect of adsorption of nanoparticles on liquid film drainage process[99]

图9 液滴聚并过程的形态演变[106]

Fig.9 Shape evolution of coalesced droplets[106]

图10 液滴界面形态演变[87]

Fig.10 Evolution of droplet interface morphology[87]

图11 有/无NPs情况下的液滴生长机理示意图[114]

Fig.11 Droplet size evolution and growth mechanism in the absence and presence of NPs (w/d: water in dodecane; w/k: water in kerosene)[114]

参考文献 114

1	王美月, 布冠好, 常永锋, 等. 蛋白多肽美拉德反应物稳定乳液的研究进展[J]. 食品科学, DOI: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20230120-160 .
	Wang M Y, Bu G H, Chang Y F, et al. Research progress of protein peptides Maillard reactant stabilized emulsion[J]. Food Science, DOI: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20230120-160 .
2	曹立豪, 党乐平, 卫宏远. 明胶和海藻酸钠的协同作用对乳液稳定性的影响[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2021, 38(2): 39-47.
	Cao L H, Dang L P, Wei H Y. Synergetic effect of gelatin and sodium alginate on stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2021, 38(2): 39-47.
3	Pickering S U. CXCVI.—Emulsions[J]. J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1907, 91: 2001-2021.
4	Frelichowska J, Bolzinger M A, Valour J P, et al. Pickering w/o emulsions: drug release and topical delivery[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2009, 368(1/2): 7-15.
5	Wang Z, Che Z, Yan Q, et al. Construction and research progress of Pickering emulsion oral drug delivery system[J]. Chinese Journal New Drugs, 2022, 31(15): 1495-1501.
6	谢文静, 郑敏, 周宏福, 等. 具有优异稳定性能的Pickering乳液在生物医药领域的研究进展[J]. 转化医学杂志, 2023, 12(1): 64-68.
	Xie W J, Zheng M, Zhou H F, et al. Research progress in biomedicine field of Pickering emulsion with excellent stability[J]. Translational Medicine Journal, 2023, 12(1): 64-68.
7	陈安祥, 宗毓东, 王金霞, 等. 纤维素稳定Pickering乳液的研究进展及在食品领域的应用[J]. 食品科学, 2023, 44(7): 303-312.
	Chen A X, Zong Y D, Wang J X, et al. Research progress on cellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsion and its application in food field[J]. Food Science, 2023, 44(7): 303-312.
8	闫紫玮, 郭瑞阳, 王小雪, 等. 玉米醇溶蛋白/果胶稳定的肉桂精油皮克林乳液制备工艺的优化[J]. 中国食品学报, 2023, 23(3): 260-270.
	Yan Z W, Guo R Y, Wang X X, et al. Optimization of preparation process for cinnamon essential oil-encapsulated Pickering emulsion stabilized by zein/pectin composite colloidal particles[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2023, 23(3): 260-270.
9	Linke C, Drusch S. Pickering emulsions in foods—opportunities and limitations[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2018, 58(12): 1971-1985.
10	陈余, 郑晓妍, 赵辉, 等. Pickering乳液催化非均相羟醛缩合反应研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 449-458.
	Chen Y, Zheng X Y, Zhao H, et al. Heterogeneous aldol condensation catalyzed with Pickering emulsion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(1): 449-458.
11	Alvarez N J, Anna S L, Saigal T, et al. Interfacial dynamics and rheology of polymer-grafted nanoparticles at air-water and xylene-water interfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2012, 28(21): 8052-8063.
12	Ashby N P, Binks B P. Pickering emulsions stabilised by Laponite clay particles[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2000, 2(24): 5640-5646.
13	Deschamps F, Isoardo T, Denis S, et al. Biodegradable Pickering emulsions of Lipiodol for liver trans-arterial chemo-embolization[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2019, 87: 177-186.
14	Abbasi N, Navi M, Tsai S S H. Microfluidic generation of particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions[J]. Langmuir, 2018, 34(1): 213-218.
15	Anna S L. Droplets and bubbles in microfluidic devices[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 48: 285-309.
16	Chen J, Li C, Ji X, et al. Droplet manipulation in microfluidics and bioanalytical applications[J]. Journal of Analytical Science, 2018, 34(3): 422-428.
17	Lu X Y, Liu C, Hu G Q, et al. Particle manipulations in non-Newtonian microfluidics: a review[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 500: 182-201.
18	Vladisavljević G T, Kobayashi I, Nakajima M. Production of uniform droplets using membrane, microchannel and microfluidic emulsification devices[J]. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2012, 13(1): 151-178.
19	郭戎威, 付涛涛, 朱春英, 等. 微通道内气-液两相流及并行放大的研究进展[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2021, 38(6): 74-86.
	Guo R W, Fu T T, Zhu C Y, et al. Research progress on gas-liquid two-phase flow and numbering-up strategy in microchannel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2021, 38(6): 74-86.
20	Qi J, Yu Z L, Liao G P, et al. Effect of nanoparticle surfactants on droplet formation in a flow-focusing microchannel[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2021, 33: 112008.
21	Cao M J, Wu Y N, Zhao M W, et al. Modulation of bubble flow resistance and surface fluidity: the effect of nanoparticle packing density at gas-liquid interface[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 350: 118574.
22	Toor A, Lamb S, Helms B A, et al. Reconfigurable microfluidic droplets stabilized by nanoparticle surfactants[J]. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(3): 2365-2372.
23	AlYousef Z A, Almobarky M A, Schechter D S. The effect of nanoparticle aggregation on surfactant foam stability[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 511: 365-373.
24	Schröder A, Sprakel J, Schroën K, et al. Coalescence stability of Pickering emulsions produced with lipid particles: a microfluidic study[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2018, 234: 63-72.
25	Sun J, Wang W, He F, et al. On-chip thermo-triggered coalescence of controllable Pickering emulsion droplet pairs[J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(69): 64182-64192.
26	Yao X X, Liu Z, Ma M Z, et al. Control of particle adsorption for stability of Pickering emulsions in microfluidics[J]. Small, 2018, 14(37): 1802902.
27	Zhou Q Q, Sun Y, Yi S T, et al. Investigation of droplet coalescence in nanoparticle suspensions by a microfluidic collision experiment[J]. Soft Matter, 2016, 12(6): 1674-1682.
28	Zhou J, Wang L J, Qiao X Y, et al. Pickering emulsions stabilized by surface-modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2012, 367(1): 213-224.
29	林兆云, 于得海, 李友明. 纳米Fe₃O₄稳定的Pickering型ASA乳液[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(2): 641-646.
	Lin Z Y, Yu D H, Li Y M. Pickering-type ASA emulsions stabilized by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(2): 641-646.
30	Lin Z Y, Zhang Z, Li Y M, et al. Magnetic nano-Fe₃O₄ stabilized Pickering emulsion liquid membrane for selective extraction and separation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 288: 305-311.
31	Bizmark N, Ioannidis M A. Nanoparticle-stabilised emulsions: droplet armouring vs. droplet bridging[J]. Soft Matter, 2018, 14(31): 6404-6408.
32	Priest C, Reid M D, Whitby C P. Formation and stability of nanoparticle-stabilised oil-in-water emulsions in a microfluidic chip[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 363(1): 301-306.
33	Kotula A P, Anna S L. Probing timescales for colloidal particle adsorption using slug bubbles in rectangular microchannels[J]. Soft Matter, 2012, 8(41): 10759-10772.
34	Mulligan M K, Rothstein J P. Deformation and breakup of micro- and nanoparticle stabilized droplets in microfluidic extensional flows[J]. Langmuir, 2011, 27(16): 9760-9768.
35	Pieranski P. Two-dimensional interfacial colloidal crystals[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1980, 45(7): 569-572.
36	Binks B P. Particles as surfactants—similarities and differences[J]. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 2002, 7(1/2): 21-41.
37	Bizmark N, Ioannidis M A, Henneke D E. Irreversible adsorption-driven assembly of nanoparticles at fluid interfaces revealed by a dynamic surface tension probe[J]. Langmuir, 2014, 30(3): 710-717.
38	Finkle P, Draper H D, Hildebrand J H. The theory of emulsification[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1923, 45(12): 2780-2788.
39	Schulman J H, Leja J. Control of contact angles at the oil-water-solid interfaces. Emulsions stabilized by solid particles (BaSO₄)[J]. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1954, 50: 598-605.
40	Binks B P, Lumsdon S O. Influence of particle wettability on the type and stability of surfactant-free emulsions[J]. Langmuir, 2000, 16(23): 8622-8631.
41	Binks B P, Lumsdon S O. Catastrophic phase inversion of water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by hydrophobic silica[J]. Langmuir, 2000, 16(6): 2539-2547.
42	Binks B P, Lumsdon S O. Transitional phase inversion of solid-stabilized emulsions using particle mixtures[J]. Langmuir, 2000, 16(8): 3748-3756.
43	Kalashnikova I, Bizot H, Cathala B, et al. Modulation of cellulose nanocrystals amphiphilic properties to stabilize oil/water interface[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2012, 13(1): 267-275.
44	He J B, Zhang Q L, Gupta S, et al. Drying droplets: a window into the behavior of nanorods at interfaces[J]. Small, 2007, 3(7): 1214-1217.
45	Simovic S, Prestidge C A. Adsorption of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles at the PDMS droplet-water interface[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19(20): 8364-8370.
46	Simovic S, Prestidge C A. Nanoparticles of varying hydrophobicity at the emulsion droplet-water interface: adsorption and coalescence stability[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(19): 8357-8365.
47	Saidane D, Perrin E, Cherhal F, et al. Some modification of cellulose nanocrystals for functional Pickering emulsions[J]. Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, 2016, 374(2072): 20150139.
48	Hunter T N, Pugh R J, Franks G V, et al. The role of particles in stabilising foams and emulsions[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2008, 137(2): 57-81.
49	Casagrande C, Fabre P, Raphaël E, et al. “Janus beads”: realization and behaviour at water/oil interfaces[J]. Europhysics Letters (EPL), 1989, 9(3): 251-255.
50	Glaser N, Adams D J, Böker A, et al. Janus particles at liquid-liquid interfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22(12): 5227-5229.
51	Binks B P, Fletcher P D I. Particles adsorbed at the oil-water interface: a theoretical comparison between spheres of uniform wettability and “Janus” particles[J]. Langmuir, 2001, 17(16): 4708-4710.
52	Ruhland T M, Gröschel A H, Ballard N, et al. Influence of Janus particle shape on their interfacial behavior at liquid-liquid interfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2013, 29(5): 1388-1394.
53	Binks B P, Lumsdon S O. Pickering emulsions stabilized by monodisperse latex particles: effects of particle size[J]. Langmuir, 2001, 17(15): 4540-4547.
54	Tarimala S, Dai L L. Structure of microparticles in solid-stabilized emulsions[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(9): 3492-3494.
55	Levine S, Bowen B D, Partridge S J. Stabilization of emulsions by fine particles (Ⅰ): Partitioning of particles between continuous phase and oil/water interface[J]. Colloids and Surfaces, 1989, 38(2): 325-343.
56	Dickinson E. Use of nanoparticles and microparticles in the formation and stabilization of food emulsions[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2012, 24(1): 4-12.
57	Tsabet È, Fradette L. Effect of the properties of oil, particles, and water on the production of Pickering emulsions[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2015, 97: 9-17.
58	Kalashnikova I, Bizot H, Bertoncini P, et al. Cellulosic nanorods of various aspect ratios for oil in water Pickering emulsions[J]. Soft Matter, 2013, 9(3): 952-959.
59	Xie D H, Jiang Y L, Li K L, et al. Pickering emulsions stabilized by mesoporous nanoparticles with different morphologies in combination with DTAB[J]. ACS Omega, 2022, 7(33): 29153-29160.
60	Madivala B, Vandebril S, Fransaer J, et al. Exploiting particle shape in solid stabilized emulsions[J]. Soft Matter, 2009, 5(8): 1717-1727.
61	Luu X C, Striolo A. Ellipsoidal Janus nanoparticles assembled at spherical oil/water interfaces[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2014, 118(47): 13737-13743.
62	Kalashnikova I, Bizot H, Cathala B, et al. New Pickering emulsions stabilized by bacterial cellulose nanocrystals[J]. Langmuir, 2011, 27(12): 7471-7479.
63	Yan H, Zhao B, Long Y, et al. New Pickering emulsions stabilized by silica nanowires[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2015, 482: 639-646.
64	Patra D, Malvankar N, Chin E, et al. Fabrication of conductive microcapsules via self-assembly and crosslinking of gold nanowires at liquid-liquid interfaces[J]. Small, 2010, 6(13): 1402-1405.
65	Mejia A F, Diaz A, Pullela S, et al. Pickering emulsions stabilized by amphiphilic nano-sheets[J]. Soft Matter, 2012, 8(40): 10245-10253.
66	Chen Q N, Liang F X, Yang T, et al. Asymmetric ultrathin silica nanonets as a super-performance emulsifier[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 628: 109-120.
67	Bresme F, Oettel M. Nanoparticles at fluid interfaces[J]. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2007, 19(41): 413101.
68	Tambe D E, Sharma M M. Factors controlling the stability of colloid-stabilized emulsions: (Ⅰ): An experimental investigation[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1993, 157(1): 244-253.
69	Bechhold H, Dede L, Reiner L. Dreiphasige emulsionen[J]. Kolloid-Zeitschrift, 1921, 28(1): 6-19.
70	Arditty S, Whitby C P, Binks B P, et al. Some general features of limited coalescence in solid-stabilized emulsions[J]. The European Physical Journal E, 2003, 11(3): 273-281.
71	Binks B P, Whitby C P. Silica particle-stabilized emulsions of silicone oil and water: aspects of emulsification[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(4): 1130-1137.
72	Dai L L, Tarimala S, Wu C Y, et al. The structure and dynamics of microparticles at Pickering emulsion interfaces[J]. Scanning, 2008, 30(2): 87-95.
73	Koroleva M Y, Tokarev A M, Yurtov E V. Simulations of emulsion stabilization by silica nanoparticles[J]. Mendeleev Communications, 2017, 27(5): 518-520.
74	Midmore B R. Preparation of a novel silica-stabilized oil/water emulsion[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1998, 132(2/3): 257-265.
75	Vignati E, Piazza R, Lockhart T P. Pickering emulsions: interfacial tension, colloidal layer morphology, and trapped-particle motion[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19(17): 6650-6656.
76	Simovic S, Prestidge C A. Hydrophilic silica nanoparticles at the PDMS droplet-water interface[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19(9): 3785-3792.
77	Ridel L, Bolzinger M A, Gilon-Delepine N, et al. Pickering emulsions stabilized by charged nanoparticles[J]. Soft Matter, 2016, 12(36): 7564-7576.
78	Binks B P, Liu W H, Rodrigues J A. Novel stabilization of emulsions via the heteroaggregation of nanoparticles[J]. Langmuir, 2008, 24(9): 4443-4446.
79	Binks B P, Lumsdon S O. Stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by silica particles[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 1999, 1(12): 3007-3016.
80	Zhu Y, Sun J H, Yi C L, et al. One-step formation of multiple Pickering emulsions stabilized by self-assembled poly(dodecyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) nanoparticles[J]. Soft Matter, 2016, 12(36): 7577-7584.
81	Luo M X, Olivier G K, Frechette J. Electrostatic interactions to modulate the reflective assembly of nanoparticles at the oil-water interface[J]. Soft Matter, 2012, 8(47): 11923-11932.
82	Binks B P, Murakami R, Armes S P, et al. Effects of pH and salt concentration on oil-in-water emulsions stabilized solely by nanocomposite microgel particles[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22(5): 2050-2057.
83	Zheng R J, Binks B P. Pickering emulsions stabilized by polystyrene particles possessing different surface groups[J]. Langmuir, 2022, 38(3): 1079-1089.
84	Yang F, Liu S Y, Xu J, et al. Pickering emulsions stabilized solely by layered double hydroxides particles: the effect of salt on emulsion formation and stability[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2006, 302(1): 159-169.
85	Madivala B, Fransaer J, Vermant J. Self-assembly and rheology of ellipsoidal particles at interfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2009, 25(5): 2718-2728.
86	Varanasi S, Henzel L, Mendoza L, et al. Pickering emulsions electrostatically stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals[J]. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2018, 6: 409.
87	邓燕君. 微通道内纳米颗粒稳定液滴的聚并与破裂动力学研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2023.
	Deng Y J. Study on the coalescence and breakup dynamics of nanoparticles-stabilized droplets in microchannels[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2023.
88	潘大伟, 汪伟, 谢锐, 等. 微流控乳液模板法构建功能微颗粒过程中介尺度结构定向调控的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(6): 2306-2317.
	Pan D W, Wang W, Xie R, et al. Progress on regulation of meso-scale structures for microfluidic emulsion-template synthesis of functional microparticles[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2306-2317.
89	邓楠楠, 汪伟, 巨晓洁, 等. 微流控技术操控微尺度液滴及其聚并的研究进展[J]. 中国科学: 化学, 2015, 45(1): 7-15.
	Deng N N, Wang W, Ju X J, et al. Recent advances in microfluidic manipulation and coalescence of microscale droplets[J]. Scientia Sinica (Chimica), 2015, 45(1): 7-15.
90	Ho T M, Razzaghi A, Ramachandran A, et al. Emulsion characterization via microfluidic devices: a review on interfacial tension and stability to coalescence[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 299: 102541.
91	郭未希, 朱春英, 付涛涛, 等. 微流控技术中液滴聚并的研究进展[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2021, 38(5): 42-52.
	Guo W X, Zhu C Y, Fu T T, et al. Research progress of droplet coalescence in microfluidic technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2021, 38(5): 42-52.
92	马友光, 付涛涛, 朱春英. 微通道内气液两相流行为研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2007, 26(8): 1068-1074.
	Ma Y G, Fu T T, Zhu C Y. Progress of studies on gas-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2007, 26(8): 1068-1074.
93	Liao Y X, Lucas D. A literature review on mechanisms and models for the coalescence process of fluid particles[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(10): 2851-2864.
94	Chesters A K. The modelling of coalescence processes in fluid-liquid dispersions: a review of current understanding[J]. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 1991, 69(4): 259-270.
95	Klaseboer E, Chevaillier J P, Gourdon C, et al. Film drainage between colliding drops at constant approach velocity: experiments and modeling[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2000, 229(1): 274-285.
96	Yang H, Park C C, Hu Y T, et al. The coalescence of two equal-sized drops in a two-dimensional linear flow[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2001, 13(5): 1087-1106.
97	Wang K, Lu Y C, Yang L, et al. Microdroplet coalescences at microchannel junctions with different collision angles[J]. AIChE Journal, 2013, 59(2): 643-649.
98	Deng Y J, Zhu C Y, Fu T T, et al. Coalescence dynamics of nanofluid droplets in T-junction microchannel[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2023, 265: 118243.
99	王凯, 易诗婷, 周倩倩, 等. 微通道内纳米颗粒对液滴聚并的影响规律[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(2): 469-475.
	Wang K, Yi S T, Zhou Q Q, et al. Effect of nano-particles on droplet coalescence in microchannel device[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(2): 469-475.
100	Velikov K P, Durst F, Velev O D. Direct observation of the dynamics of latex particles confined inside thinning water-air films[J]. Langmuir, 1998, 14(5): 1148-1155.
101	French D J, Taylor P, Fowler J, et al. Making and breaking bridges in a Pickering emulsion[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2015, 441: 30-38.
102	Stancik E J, Fuller G G. Connect the drops: using solids as adhesives for liquids[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(12): 4805-4808.
103	Stancik E J, Kouhkan M, Fuller G G. Coalescence of particle-laden fluid interfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(1): 90-94.
104	Nagarkar S P, Velankar S S. Morphology and rheology of ternary fluid-fluid-solid systems[J]. Soft Matter, 2012, 8(32): 8464-8477.
105	Gunes D Z, Clain X, Breton O, et al. Avalanches of coalescence events and local extensional flows-stabilisation or destabilisation due to surfactant[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2010, 343(1): 79-86.
106	Yi H Z, Zhu C Y, Fu T T, et al. Interfacial evolution and dynamics of liquid bridge during droplet coalescence in rectangular microchannels: effect of aspect ratio[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2021, 123: 59-67.
107	Liu S S, Yuan S L, Zhang H. Molecular dynamics simulation for the demulsification of O/W emulsion under pulsed electric field[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(8): 2559.
108	Chen Q C, Ma J, Xu H M, et al. The impact of the ionic concentration on electrocoalescence of the nanodroplet driven by dielectrophoresis[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019, 290: 111214.
109	Mashayek F, Ashgriz N, Minkowycz W J, et al. Coalescence collision of liquid drops[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 46(1): 77-89.
110	Sicard F, Striolo A. Numerical analysis of Pickering emulsion stability: insights from ABMD simulations[J]. Faraday Discussions, 2016, 191: 287-304.
111	Liu S S, Zhang H M, Yuan S L. Hydrophilic silica nanoparticles in O/W emulsion: insights from molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(23): 8407.
112	Li B, Dou X H, Yu K, et al. Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoparticle-laden drop-interface electrocoalescence behaviors under direct and alternating current electric fields[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 344: 117875.
113	Qin S Y, Yong X. Controlling the stability of Pickering emulsions by pH-responsive nanoparticles[J]. Soft Matter, 2019, 15(16): 3291-3300.
114	Kang D J, Bararnia H, Anand S. Synthesizing Pickering nanoemulsions by vapor condensation[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(25): 21746-21754.

[1]	麻雪怡, 刘克勤, 胡激江, 姚臻. POE溶液聚合反应器内混合与反应过程的CFD研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 322-337.
[2]	张泽欣, 郑伟中, 徐益升, 胡冬冬, 卓欣宇, 宗原, 孙伟振, 赵玲. 超临界二氧化碳介质中晶圆清洗与选择性刻蚀研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 110-119.
[3]	赵碧丹, 代伊杨, 王军武, 张永民. CFD-DEM-IBM方法探究流化床倾斜挡板内构件受力特性[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 255-267.
[4]	温唯谷, 袁志宏, 王凯, 骆广生. 微分散液滴的光纤检测研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 211-220.
[5]	李亚婷, 王忠东, 董艳鹏, 朱春英, 马友光, 付涛涛. 微通道中毛细流动及其工程应用的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 159-170.
[6]	崔怡洲, 李成祥, 翟霖晓, 刘束玉, 石孝刚, 高金森, 蓝兴英. 亚毫米气泡和常规尺寸气泡气液两相流流动与传质特性对比[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 197-210.
[7]	王俊男, 何呈祥, 王忠东, 朱春英, 马友光, 付涛涛. T型微混合器内均相混合的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 242-254.
[8]	周尧, 杨小平, 倪一程, 刘继平, 魏进家, 严俊杰. 应用于新型环路热管的两相引射器数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 268-278.
[9]	王义江, 孙莉, 刘梦涵, 杨金宏, 王国元. 基于响应面法的矿用翅片管空冷器参数优化[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 279-291.
[10]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[11]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[12]	金正浩, 封立杰, 李舒宏. 氨水溶液交叉型再吸收式热泵的能量及分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 53-63.
[13]	程成, 段钟弟, 孙浩然, 胡海涛, 薛鸿祥. 表面微结构对析晶沉积特性影响的格子Boltzmann模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 74-86.
[14]	肖明堃, 杨光, 黄永华, 吴静怡. 浸没孔液氧气泡动力学数值研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 87-95.
[15]	吴馨, 龚建英, 靳龙, 王宇涛, 黄睿宁. 超声波激励下铝板表面液滴群输运特性的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 104-112.