换热管内插螺旋阻垢性能及污垢微观特征

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230805

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究管内插螺旋阻垢性能及阻垢机理，实验研究了不同流速下换热管内插三种螺旋对污垢热阻、总传热系数的影响，同时从微观角度，对污垢粒径、孔隙率进行量化表征得到污垢微观结构分布规律。结果表明：在实验条件范围内，随流速增大内插螺旋污垢热阻渐进值最大降幅为63%，传热系数稳定值较未结垢时均降低20%以上，且节距为20 mm的内插螺旋具有最好的除垢性能；污垢从近壁面区到表面区粒径、孔隙率逐渐升高，污垢层间具有明显晶型过渡特征；污垢层表面区与过渡区孔隙率随流速增大进一步增大，内插螺旋流场特征改变污垢内部结构是阻垢性能出现差异的根本原因。

关键词: 结垢, 内插螺旋, 阻垢性能, 显微结构, 传热, 孔隙率

Abstract:

In order to study the scale-resisting properties and scale-resisting mechanism of spirals inserted in tubes, the effects of three spirals inserted into heat exchange tubes at different flow rates on fouling thermal resistance and total heat transfer coefficient were experimentally studied. Meanwhile, the particle size and porosity of fouling were quantitatively characterized from a microscopic perspective to obtain the microstructure distribution of fouling. The results show that, under the experimental conditions, with the increase of flow velocity, the fouling resistance of the interpolation spiral decreases by 63%, the heat transfer coefficient decreases by more than 20%, and the interpolation spiral with a pitch of 20 mm has the best scaling performance. The particle size and porosity of dirt gradually increase from the near wall area to the surface area, and there is a clear crystal transition feature between the dirt layers. The porosity of the surface area and transition area of the fouling layer increases with the increase of flow velocity, and the change of the internal structure of the fouling by the characteristics of the interpolation spiral flow field is the fundamental reason for the difference in scale-resisting properties.

Key words: fouling, spiral insert, scale-resisting properties, microstructure, heat transfer, porosity

中图分类号:

TK 124

彭德其, 张寓川, 武洋, 俞天兰, 谭卓伟, 吴淑英, 陈莹, 唐明成, 彭建国. 换热管内插螺旋阻垢性能及污垢微观特征[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4129-4139.

Deqi PENG, Yuchuan ZHANG, Yang WU, Tianlan YU, Zhuowei TAN, Shuying WU, Ying CHEN, Mingcheng TANG, Jianguo PENG. Scale-resisting properties and microscopic characteristics of the spiral insert of heat exchange tube[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(10): 4129-4139.

图/表 12

图1 实验系统图1—恒温水箱;2,4,8—阀门;3,7—离心泵;5,9—流量计;6—冷冻水箱

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system

图2 换热器实物图

Fig.2 Physical drawing of heat exchanger

图3 可拆卸设计示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of detachable design

表1 相对误差

Table 1 Relative error

误差来源	误差值
温度记录仪	±0.11%
压力表	±0.28%
热电阻	±1.10%
流量计	±1%

图4 污垢层观察位置示意图

Fig.4 Observation position of scale layer

图5 污垢样本

Fig.5 Scale sample

图6 不同流速各螺旋总传热系数曲线

Fig.6 Total heat transfer coefficient curves of spirals at different flow rates

图7 不同流速各螺旋污垢热阻

Fig.7 Fouling thermal resistance of spiral at different flow rates

图8 内插p=10 mm螺旋不同流速下不同位置微观形貌

Fig.8 Morphology at different positions with p=10 mm spiral at different flow rates

图9 内插 p=20 mm螺旋不同流速下不同位置微观形貌

Fig.9 Morphology at different positions with p=20 mm spiral at different flow rates

图10 粒径、孔隙率与流速、观察位置关系

Fig.10 The relationship between particle size, porosity and velocity, observation position

图11 各螺旋线平均孔隙率、传热系数稳定值、污垢热阻渐进值与流速的关系

Fig.11 The relationship between average porosity, stable value of heat transfer coefficient, progressive value of fouling thermal resistance and the flow rate

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