新型蜂巢式液冷动力电池模块传热特性研究

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181269

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了维持动力电池的性能、延长其使用寿命，应使电池模块工作过程中的温度和温差维持在适宜的范围之内。为此，提出一种新型蜂巢式液冷动力电池模块，该结构内部设有进/出口导流板且电池呈蜂巢式分布，冷却液体与电池呈360°间接接触，极大强化了换热效果。在单体电池热特性数值模拟与试验验证的基础上，通过计算流体力学平台建立新型蜂巢式液冷电池模块模型，研究了电池模块的热行为，分析了冷却液流量、冷却液温度对电池模块传热性能的影响。结果表明：（1）增加冷却液流量可显著降低电池模块最高温度，改善温度均匀性，当冷却液流量增加到1.5 L/min之后，电池模块最高温度及最大温差趋于稳定；（2）冷却液温度的降低可显著降低电池模块中最高温度，但在一定程度上恶化了模块中的温度均匀性；（3）冷却液流量和温度对电池模块的加热特性影响显著。因此，采用液冷方式是必要的。

关键词: 单体电池, 数值模拟, 蜂巢式液冷动力电池模块, 实验验证, 模型, 传热性能

Abstract:

To maintain the performance of the power battery and prolong its service life, the temperature and temperature difference during the operation of the battery module should be maintained within an appropriate range. Thus, a new type of honeycomb liquid-cooled power battery module is proposed. The structure has an inlet/outlet guide plate inside and the battery is honeycomb-like distribution. The cooling liquid contacts with the battery indirectly at 360°, which greatly strengthens the heat transfer effect. On the basis of the numerical simulation and experimental validation of the thermal characteristics of single battery, a new model of honeycomb liquid-cooled battery module was established by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) platform, the thermal behavior of the battery module was studied, and the effects of the coolant flow rate, the coolant temperature of battery on the heat dissipation performance of the battery module were studied. The results show that: (1) Increasing the flow rate of coolant can significantly reduce the maximum temperature of the battery module and improve the temperature uniformity, when the flow rate of coolant increases to 1.5 L/min, the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the battery module tend to be stable; (2) Decreasing the temperature of coolant can significantly reduce the highest temperature of the battery module, but to a certain extent, the temperature uniformity in the battery module is deteriorated; (3) The coolant flow rate and the coolant temperature have significant influence on the heating characteristics of the battery module. Therefore, liquid cooling is necessary.

Key words: single battery, numerical simulation, honeycomb liquid-cooled power battery module, experimental validation, model, heat transfer performance

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

冯能莲, 马瑞锦, 陈龙科, 董士康, 王小凤, 张星宇. 新型蜂巢式液冷动力电池模块传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(5): 1713-1722.

Nenglian FENG, Ruijin MA, Longke CHEN, Shikang DONG, Xiaofeng WANG, Xingyu ZHANG. Heat transfer characteristics of honeycomb liquid-cooled power battery module[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(5): 1713-1722.

图/表 17

图1 电池模块模型

Fig.1 Model of battery module

表1 M60主要材料物性参数

Table 1 Physical properties of M60's main materials

材料	ρ/(kg/m³)	c_p /(J/(kg·K))	k/(W/(m·K))
铝合金	2700	880	193
空气	1.225	1006.43	0.0242
冷却液	1073.35	3291	0.38
电池	2804.7	950	2/2/15

图2 电池模块模型网格质量检查

Fig.2 Grid quality check of battery module model

图3 电池性能测试试验平台结构

Fig.3 Structure of battery performance test platform

图4 单体电池温升仿真与试验结果对比

Fig.4 Comparison between simulation and test for temperature rise of single battery

图5 冷却液流量为0.5 L/min 时电池模块的散热特性温度分布

Fig.5 Heat dissipation characteristic temperature distribution of battery module when coolant flow is 0.5 L/min

图6 散热工况下不同冷却液流量下电池模块T max随时间的变化

Fig.6 T max of battery module variations with time at different coolant flow rate under cooling conditions

图7 散热工况下不同冷却液流量下电池模块T diff随放电时间的变化

Fig.7 T diff of battery module variations with time at different coolant flow rate under cooling conditions

图8 冷却液温度为20℃时电池模块的散热特性温度分布

Fig.8 Heat dissipation characteristic temperature distribution of battery module when coolant temperature is at 20℃

图9 散热工况下不同冷却液温度下电池模块T max随时间的变化

Fig.9 T max of battery module variations with time at different coolant temperature under cooling conditions

图10 散热工况下不同冷却液温度下电池模块T diff随时间的变化

Fig.10 T diff of battery module variations with time at different coolant temperature under cooling conditions

图11 冷却液流量为0.5 L/min时电池模块加热特性的温度分布

Fig.11 Heat characteristic temperature distribution of battery module when coolant flow is 0.5 L/min

图12 加热工况下不同冷却液流量下电池模块T max随时间的变化

Fig.12 T max of battery module variations with time at different coolant flow rate under heating conditions

图13 加热工况下不同冷却液流量下电池模块T diff随时间的变化

Fig.13 T diff of battery module variations with time at different coolant flow rate under heating conditions

图14 冷却液温度为30℃时电池模块的加热特性温度分布

Fig.14 Heat characteristic temperature distribution of battery module when coolant temperature is at 30℃

图15 加热工况下不同冷却液温度下电池模块T max随时间的变化

Fig.15 T max of battery module variations with time at different coolant temperature under heating conditions

图16 加热工况下不同冷却液温度下电池模块T diff随时间的变化

Fig.16 T diff of battery module variations with time at different coolant temperature under heating conditions

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