溶胀嵌入脂肪酸分子制备高脱硼反渗透膜

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190921

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用“溶胀-嵌入-收缩”方法改性聚酰胺反渗透膜，制备了一种高脱硼反渗透膜。通过甲醇溶胀增加了高分子链之间的距离，为疏水性癸酸分子的嵌入提供了场所，然后在压力和浓差极化共同作用下，改性分子选择性嵌入聚酰胺膜的孔内；当甲醇分子离开后，聚酰胺膜收缩将癸酸分子固定在高分子网络中。实验借助溶胀和分子嵌入以及溶胀后的收缩调节聚酰胺膜的孔径大小；利用脂肪酸的疏水性降低聚酰胺膜的极性，从而实现增加空间位阻和减少氢键结合位点数量的目的。实验结果显示，改性膜的脱硼率和截盐率均明显升高，截盐率从90.36%增加到96.46%，脱硼率从未改性膜的47.85%增加到77.32%，渗透液的硼含量达到WTO的使用标准。虽然水和硼的渗透性均下降，但是水和硼的渗透选择性增加，证明该方法有利于提高水硼选择性。

关键词: 脱硼, 膜, 溶胀-嵌入-收缩, 分离, 传质, 醇

Abstract:

A high boron removal reverse osmosis membrane was prepared by modifying the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane by the“swelling-embedding-shrinking”method. Swelling by methanol increases the distance between the polymer chains, providing a place for the embedding of fatty acid (decanoic acid) molecules. Under the action of pressure and concentration polarization, the modified molecules are selectively embedded in the pores of the polyamide membrane. When the methanol molecules leave, the polyamide membrane shrinks to immobilize the decanoic acid molecules in the polymer network. This experiment increases the boron removal rate of the reverse osmosis membrane by increasing steric hindrance and reducing polarity (reducing hydrogen bonding sites). The experimental results show that the boron removal rate and the salt rejection rate of the modified membrane are both increased. The salt rejection rate is increased from 90.36% to 96.46%, and the boron removal rate is increased from 47.85% to 77.32%. In addition, the boron concentration in the permeate is less than 2.4 mg/L to meet emission standards (WTO). Although the permeability of water and boron decreased, the permeability selectivity of water and boron increased, which proves that the method is advantageous for increasing the selectivity of water and boron.

Key words: boron removal, membrane, swelling-embedding-shrinking, separation, mass transfer, alcohol

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

李韵浩, 李艾艾, 杨斌斌, 余俊杰, 王开珍, 周勇, 高从堦. 溶胀嵌入脂肪酸分子制备高脱硼反渗透膜[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 1343-1351.

Yunhao LI, Aiai LI, Binbin YANG, Junjie YU, Kaizhen WANG, Yong ZHOU, Congjie GAO. Preparation of high boron removal reverse osmosis membrane by embedding fatty acid molecules after swelling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 1343-1351.

图/表 10

图1 “溶胀-嵌入-收缩”方法改性聚酰胺反渗透膜

Fig.1 Modification of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane by “swelling-embedding-shrinkage”method

图2 改性和测试膜性能的装置[28]1—高压氮气瓶；2—压力调节器；3—排气阀；4—高压管；5—HP4750搅拌池；6—磁力搅拌器；7—采集器

Fig.2 Device for modifying membranes and testing properties of membranes[28]

图3 未改性膜和改性膜的红外光谱

Fig.3 ATR-FTIR spectra of pristine polyamide RO membrane and modified membrane

表1 改性膜的表面原子比变化

Table 1 Surface atomic ratio change of pristine polyamide membranes and modified membranes

膜	原子比/%			O/N比（atom）
膜	C1s	N1s	O1s	O/N比（atom）
50%改	71.35	12.32	16.34	1.33
65%改	71.72	11.02	17.26	1.57
75%改	71.68	11.25	17.07	1.52
85%改	71.34	11.42	17.24	1.51
95%改	70.26	12.34	17.40	1.41

表2 未改性膜和改性膜的粗糙度

Table 2 Roughness of pristine polyamide membranes and modified membranes

膜	粗糙度
膜	R_a/nm	R_q/nm
未改性膜	73.30	90.40
95%	76.55	95.05
50%改	77.50	96.20
65%改	92.50	119.00
75%改	94.00	111.00
85%改	87.30	107.50
95%改	89.50	113.50

图4 未改性膜和改性膜的表面SEM图

Fig.4 SEM images of top surfaces for pristine polyamide membranes and modified membranes

图5 未改性膜和改性膜的表面AFM图

Fig.5 AFM images of top surfaces for pristine polyamide membranes and modified membranes

图6 未改性膜和改性膜的zeta电位和接触角

Fig.6 Zeta potential and contact angle of polyamide membranes

图7 甲醇的浓度对改性膜截盐性能的影响

Fig.7 Effect of methanol concentration on salt rejection performance of modified membranes

图8 甲醇的浓度对改性膜脱硼性能的影响

Fig.8 Effect of methanol concentration on boron removal performance of modified membranes

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