高压氢气储运设施泄漏喷射火过程预测模型及其验证

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210672

化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (10): 5412-5423.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20210672

高压氢气储运设施泄漏喷射火过程预测模型及其验证

王振华^1,²(),蒋军成^1,³(),尤飞^1,²,李刚^1,²,庄陈浩^1,²,赵耀鹏^1,²,倪磊¹,潘勇¹,李丹^1,²

^1.南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院，江苏南京 210009
^2.南京工业大学火灾与消防工程研究所，江苏南京 210009
^3.常州大学环境与安全工程学院，江苏常州 213164

收稿日期:2021-05-16 修回日期:2021-06-25 出版日期:2021-10-05 发布日期:2021-10-05
通讯作者: 蒋军成
作者简介:王振华（1990—），男，博士，wzhnj@njtech.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51834007);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0800100)

Prediction model for the process of jet fire induced by the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation facilities and its validation

Zhenhua WANG^1,²(),Juncheng JIANG^1,³(),Fei YOU^1,²,Gang LI^1,²,Chenhao ZHUANG^1,²,Yaopeng ZHAO^1,²,Lei NI¹,Yong PAN¹,Dan LI^1,²

^1.College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
^2.Fire Science and Engineering Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
^3.School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-05-16 Revised:2021-06-25 Online:2021-10-05 Published:2021-10-05
Contact: Juncheng JIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年氢能已迅速成为能源领域“新宠”，正在迎来快速发展的战略机遇期，但氢安全问题仍然是制约其发展的关键，尤以高压氢气储运设施泄漏后引发喷射火灾害较为突出。为了探究高压氢气泄漏过程并对其引发喷射火灾特性参数变化进行评估，本文采用理论分析和实例验证相结合的方法对两起高压氢气泄漏实验案例（90 MPa氢气瓶和6 MPa氢气管道）进行了研究。结果表明：通过模型精度检验，Abel-Nobel气体状态方程适用于当前常用的多种高压氢气储运设施泄漏过程的描述。基于Abel-Nobel气体状态方程、火焰尺寸模型、辐射分数模型和热辐射模型构建的高压氢气泄漏喷射火过程预测模型对实验案例中的泄漏出口气体质量流量、氢喷射火焰长度和辐射热场等的模拟计算结果与实验测量数据基本一致，验证了模型有效性及所含假设合理性。另外在计算中还需要结合实际情况充分考虑高压氢气储运设施发生泄漏时产生的能量损失以及等温流动过程，从而对模型预测精度进行修正。上述结论对于工程实际、氢能安全利用以及灾害预防等具有重要现实意义。

关键词: 高压氢气, 储运设施, 喷射火, 火焰长度, 热辐射, 安全, 热力学, 流体力学

Abstract:

In recent years, hydrogen energy has rapidly become the “new favorite” in the energy field, and is ushering in a period of rapid development of strategic opportunities. However, hydrogen safety issues are still the key to restricting its development, especially the jet fire disaster induced by the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation facilities. In order to explore the process of high-pressure hydrogen leakage and evaluate the changes of the subsequent jet fire characteristics, this paper presents a theoretical analysis and case verification of two experiment cases of high-pressure hydrogen leakage (90 MPa hydrogen reservoir and 6 MPa hydrogen pipeline). The results show that the Abel-Nobel gas state equation is suitable for the description of the leakage process of a variety of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation facilities commonly used at present through the model accuracy test. Based on the Abel-Nobel EOS, flame size model, radiation fraction model and thermal radiation model, a prediction model for the process of jet fire resulting from high-pressure hydrogen leakage is established and used to simulate the gas mass flow rate at the leakage exit, hydrogen jet flame length and thermal radiation field in two experiment cases. The calculated results are basically the same with experimental data, which indicates the validity of the prediction model and the rationality of the involved assumptions. Besides, in calculation it also needs to take full account of the energy loss and isothermal flow process during the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation facilities, so as to modify the prediction accuracy of the prediction model. The conclusions hold important practical significance for engineering practice, safe use of hydrogen energy and disaster prevention, etc.

Key words: high-pressure hydrogen, storage and transportation facilities, jet fire, flame length, thermal radiation, safety, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics

中图分类号:

TK 91

王振华,蒋军成,尤飞,李刚,庄陈浩,赵耀鹏,倪磊,潘勇,李丹. 高压氢气储运设施泄漏喷射火过程预测模型及其验证[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(10): 5412-5423.

Zhenhua WANG,Juncheng JIANG,Fei YOU,Gang LI,Chenhao ZHUANG,Yaopeng ZHAO,Lei NI,Yong PAN,Dan LI. Prediction model for the process of jet fire induced by the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation facilities and its validation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(10): 5412-5423.

图/表 9

图1 Abel-Nobel气体状态方程以及NIST数据[31]所得的氢气密度比较（在Abel-Nobel气体状态方程中，对于氢气，b=7.69×10-3 m3/kg）

Fig.1 Comparison between predicted densities by using Abel-Nobel EOS and NIST’s recommended data [31] for hydrogen

图2 高压气体泄漏过程示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of high-pressure gas leakage process

图3 高压氢气泄漏引发喷射火辐射热通量计算过程

Fig.3 Calculation process for radiant heat flux from jet fire induced by high-pressure hydrogen leakage

图4 高压氢气泄漏实验装置

Fig.4 Diagram of experimental setup for high-pressure hydrogen leakage

表1 模型输入参数

Table 1 Model input parameters

案例

文献

设施

种类

d₂/m

图5 气体质量流量随瓶内压力/泄漏时间变化的计算值和测量值比较

Fig.5 Comparison of calculated and measured results for the variation of gas mass flow rate with gas pressure in reservoir or leakage time

图6 火焰总长度随瓶内压力/泄漏时间变化的计算值和测量值比较

Fig.6 Comparison of calculated and measured results for the variation of total flame length with gas pressure in reservoir or leakage time

图7 辐射热流计布置示意图

Fig.7 Layout diagram of fluxmeters

图8 火焰辐射热通量随泄漏时间/测量距离变化的计算值和测量值比较

Fig.8 Comparison of calculated and measured results for the variation of radiant heat flux with leakage time or measured distance

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高压氢气储运设施泄漏喷射火过程预测模型及其验证

Prediction model for the process of jet fire induced by the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation facilities and its validation

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