颗粒介质用机械密封热力耦合变形及摩擦磨损研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210932

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在含有颗粒介质的工作环境中下，硬质材料配对机械密封环的热力耦合变形和摩擦磨损对机械密封的泄漏和使用寿命起着至关重要的作用。考虑动静环和颗粒介质的摩擦，试验测定了摩擦系数，建立了动静环热力耦合的有限元计算模型，研究了WC-Co硬质合金和无压烧结碳化硅（SSiC）陶瓷两种硬质材料密封的温度场和端面变形规律，分析了不同工况下的密封间隙变化规律。试验测试分析了密封环温度、磨损前后的泄漏及表面粗糙度，讨论了端面的磨损机理，验证了计算模型的准确性。结果表明：考虑动环磨粒摩擦热的有限元模型能准确地预测密封的温度和端面变形；耦合作用下动静环端面呈现外径脱离、内径贴合的变形，且变形差异程度随压差和转速的增大而加剧；变形导致端面磨痕分布不均匀，内径磨痕较严重。WC-Co硬质合金配对密封环的端面变形小、泄漏量小，高硬度WC颗粒对Co基体能产生很好的“阴影效应”，具有良好的耐磨粒磨损性能。SSiC陶瓷材料韧性差，易产生片状磨屑，形成过渡型磨粒磨损，材料耐磨性较差，泄漏量增加明显。在磨粒工况下，WC-Co硬质合金机械密封具有泄漏小、耐磨性强的特点。研究结果为颗粒介质中机械密封的材料应用及设计优化提供了参考。

关键词: 机械密封, 热力耦合, 模拟, 磨损, 颗粒物料, 硬质材料

Abstract:

In a working environment containing particles media, the thermo-mechanical coupling deformation and friction and wear of mechanical seal ring made of hard materials play an important role in the leakage and service life of mechanical seal. In this paper, the friction between the ring and the abrasive is considered, the friction coefficient is measured by experiments, and the finite element calculation model of thermal mechanical coupling between the ring and the abrasive is established. The temperature field and end face deformation of WC-Co cemented carbide and SSiC ceramic seals are studied, and the variation of seal clearance under different working conditions is analyzed. The temperature, leakage and surface roughness of the seal ring before and after wear were tested and analyzed. The wear mechanism of the end face was discussed, and the accuracy of the calculation model was verified. The results show that the finite element model considering the friction heat of the moving ring can accurately predict the temperature and face deformation of the seal. Under the coupling effect, the outer diameter of the moving and static ring disconnects and the inner diameter fits, and the degree of deformation difference increases with the increase of pressure difference and speed. Deformation results in uneven distribution of wear marks on the end face and serious wear marks on the inner diameter. The end face of the WC-Co cemented carbide matched sealing ring has small deformation and small leakage. The high-hardness WC particles can produce a good “shadow response” to the Co matrix, and have good wear resistance. The toughness of SSiC ceramic material is poor, and it is easy to produce flake-shaped wear debris, and form transitional abrasive wear. The wear resistance of the material is poor, and the leakage increase is obvious. Under abrasive condition, WC-Co cemented carbide mechanical seal has the characteristics of small leakage and high wear resistance. The results provide a reference for the material application and design optimization of mechanical seals in granular media.

Key words: mechanical seal, thermo-mechanical coupling, simulation, attrition, granular materials, hard material

中图分类号:

TB 42

马润梅, 赵祥, 李双喜, 刘兴华, 许灿. 颗粒介质用机械密封热力耦合变形及摩擦磨损研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5726-5737.

Runmei MA, Xiang ZHAO, Shuangxi LI, Xinghua LIU, Can XU. Research on thermal mechanical coupling deformation and friction and wear of mechanical seal for granular medium[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(11): 5726-5737.

图/表 20

图1 机械密封示意图1—动环座;2—传动销;3—弹簧;4—O形圈;5—动环;6—静环;7—静环座;8—防转销;9—腔体

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of mechanical seal

图2 模拟分析流程

Fig.2 Simulation analysis process

图3 密封环几何模型及热力边界条件

Fig.3 Geometric model and thermal-mechanical boundary conditions of the seal rings

表1 动、静环材料属性

Table 1 Material properties of dynamic and static rings

材料

热导率/

(W/(m·K))

图4 摩擦磨损试验机示意图1—旋转电机;2—转速传感器;3—测力传感器;4—推力轴承;5—加载电机

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of friction and wear tester

图5 密封环摩擦系数曲线

Fig.5 Friction coefficient curves of seal ring

图6 磨粒工况下密封环温度场云图

Fig.6 Cloud diagram of seal ring temperature field under abrasive condition

图7 端面温度径向分布

Fig.7 Radial distribution of end face temperature

图8 磨粒工况下静环端面变形云图

Fig.8 Deformation cloud map of static ring end face under abrasive condition

图9 磨粒工况下密封环端面力变形和耦合变形

Fig.9 Force deformation and coupling deformation of seal ring under abrasive condition

图10 WC动静环端面变形随工况的变化

Fig.10 Variation of end face deformation of WC moving and stationary ring with working conditions

图11 等效密封间隙

Fig.11 Equivalent seal clearance

图12 试验系统

Fig.12 Test system

图13 密封环

Fig.13 Sealing ring

图14 不同转速下温度试验值和模拟值对比

Fig.14 Comparison of test values and simulated values of temperature at different speeds

图15 泄漏量随工况参数的变化

Fig.15 Leakage changes with working condition parameters

图16 泄漏量随时间的变化

Fig.16 Variation of leakage with time

图17 试验前后密封环端面粗糙度

Fig.17 Roughness of seal ring end face before and after test

图18 试验前后WC密封环表面形貌

Fig.18 Surface morphology of WC sealing ring before and after test

图19 试验前后SSiC密封环表面形貌

Fig.19 Surface morphology of SSiC sealing ring before and after test

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