惰性气体对氢气/空气爆轰传播的抑制作用

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220795

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

常温常压条件下，在内径52 mm的不锈钢管道中开展了惰性气体对氢气/空气（H₂/air）爆轰的抑制实验研究，通过改变当量比（0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4）和惰性气体种类（CO₂、N₂、Ar）探讨了三种惰性气体对爆轰火焰速度的影响。结果表明，H₂/air爆轰通过可燃气与惰性气体分界面后，爆轰波发生解耦，火焰速度大幅度下降。整个速度下降过程分为快速下降、波动缓慢衰减、火焰消失三个阶段。三种惰性气体中CO₂的抑制效果最明显，其次是Ar和N₂。相较比热容差异影响，Ar和N₂的分子量差异在爆轰抑制中起到主导性作用。贫燃和富燃条件下爆轰在惰性介质中衰减程度均比化学计量比工况下明显，其中富燃条件下爆轰在惰性介质中的衰减更为明显。

关键词: 爆炸, 氢, 安全, 惰性气体, 当量比, 爆轰衰减

Abstract:

Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, an experimental study on the suppression of hydrogen/air detonation by inert gas was carried out in a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 52 mm. By changing the equivalence ratio (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4) and inert gas species (CO₂, N₂, Ar), the effects of three inert gases on the detonation flame velocity were discussed. The results indicate that the detonation wave is decoupled and the flame velocity declines obviously as hydrogen/air detonation passes through the interface between combustible gas and inert gas. Flame velocity descending process can be divided into three stages: fast descent stage, slow fluctuating descent stage and flame extinction stage. CO₂ has the most obvious inhibition effect, and then followed by Ar and N₂. Compared with the specific heat difference, the molecular weight difference of Ar and N₂ plays a dominant role in detonation suppression. Compared with the stoichiometric concentration, the attenuation degree of detonation in inert medium is larger in both fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions. Especially, the attenuation degree of detonation in inert medium is more obvious in fuel-rich condition.

Key words: explosion, hydrogen, safety, inert gas, equivalent ratio, detonation attenuation

中图分类号:

X 932

雷明川, 喻健良, 闫兴清, 吕先舒, 侯玉洁, 詹潇兵. 惰性气体对氢气/空气爆轰传播的抑制作用[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4754-4761.

Mingchuan LEI, Jianliang YU, Xingqing YAN, Xianshu LYU, Yujie HOU, Xiaobing ZHAN. Inhibition of hydrogen/air detonation propagation by inert gases[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4754-4761.

图/表 9

图1 实验装置

Fig.1 Experimental apparatus

图2 火焰信号数据采集

Fig.2 Flame signal data acquisition

图3 膜扰动对H2/air爆轰传播的影响

Fig.3 Effect of membrane perturbation on hydrogen/air detonation propagation

图4 火焰传入三种惰性气体段速度变化

Fig.4 Velocity variation of flame propagation into three inert gas zones

表1 爆轰在惰性气体段内传播情况

Table 1 Detonation propagation into inert gas zone

气体种类	最长传播时间/ms	消失测点距离/mm
CO₂	9.894	2200
N₂	13.161	2700
Ar	9.476	2200

图5 传入CO2段不同位置时火焰传播动态

Fig.5 Flame propagation dynamics when passing through different positions of CO2 gas zone

图6 贫燃、富燃条件下爆轰火焰传入三种惰性气体段速度变化

Fig.6 Velocity variation of detonation flame propagation into three inert gas zones under fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions

图7 不同当量比下爆轰火焰传入CO2段速度变化

Fig.7 Velocity variation of detonation flame propagation into CO2 zone under different equivalent ratios

图8 火焰传播时微观运动图

Fig.8 Microscopic motion diagram of flame propagation

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