煤油贮箱冷氦鼓泡增压过程数值研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火箭飞行过程中，约90 K的低温氦气用以加压室温下的煤油贮箱使煤油流出，保障发动机燃料供应。为尽可能减少氦气用量，设计低温氦气从液相中喷入，使得氦气在贮箱内上升过程先和液态煤油充分换热升温，再进入气相空间增压。但该过程可能引起两个不利的结果，首先浸没在煤油中的低温氦气管路表面可能结冰，结冰沉底或可能堵塞发动机滤网；其次氦气可能被煤油携带，从而排出口位置可能出现气液两相流。这两种情况都对火箭发动机稳定运行造成负面影响，因此是不允许的。对低温氦气在贮箱中心喷入和环向多孔喷入两种结构的气液两相流过程进行了数值研究，构建了基于Euler-Euler模型的两相传热非稳态模型，数值结果与地面实验观察到的现象进行了定性对比，定性验证了模型的准确性。重点考察了煤油排出过程两种喷入结构的气液两相流分布以及煤油结冰可能性。研究结果从机理上解释了实验现象，并为煤油贮箱增压排出方案设计提供了参考。

关键词: 煤油, 氦气, 贮箱, 两相流, 增压, 设计, 数值分析

Abstract:

During the flight of the rocket, a low temperature helium gas of about 90 K is used to pressurize the kerosene tank at room temperature to allow kerosene to flow out to ensure the supply of engine fuel. In order to reduce the amount of helium, the cryogenic gas is designed to inject into the tank under the liquid level, in which way it can absorb the heat from the liquid kerosene in the tank while rising, and then enters the gas phase to pressurize the tank. However, this process may lead to two unfavorable results. First, the surface of the cryogenic helium gas line immersed in kerosene may freeze, and the ice may sink to the bottom to block the engine screen. Second, the helium gas may be carried by kerosene, thus two-phase flow will appear at the discharge port. Both of the circumstances have an adverse impact on the operation of the rocket engine, and therefore neither of them is allowed. In this paper, numerical simulation study on two-phase flow of the cryogenic helium gas injecting into the liquid kerosene is performed through two injection ways, including the central injection from a core and circumferential injection from three cores. The unsteady two-phase heat transfer process is modeled based on the Euler-Euler model. The numerical results are qualitatively compared and verified with the experimental observations on the ground. The phase distribution and the possibility of kerosene icing in the two injection structures during the discharge process are investigated. The results provide more insights into the experimental phenomena and also a reference for the scheme of kerosene discharge.

Key words: kerosene, helium, tank, two-phase flow, pressure, design, numerical analysis

中图分类号:

V 11

周芮, 程光平, 张浩, 任枫, 王舜浩, 张小斌. 煤油贮箱冷氦鼓泡增压过程数值研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 965-973.

Rui ZHOU, Guangping CHENG, Hao ZHANG, Feng REN, Shunhao WANG, Xiaobin ZHANG. Numerical investigation on cold helium pressurization process in kerosene tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 965-973.

图/表 12

图1 单孔鼓泡增压方案储罐网格

Fig.1 Mesh scheme of central injection from a core

图2 环形鼓泡扩散增压网格

Fig.2 Mesh scheme of circumferential injection from three cores

图3 冷氦环形鼓泡实验贮箱内部

Fig.3 Interior of ringlike holes scheme tank

图4 冷氦在水中环形鼓泡实验快照

Fig.4 Experiment moment during cold helium pressurization process in water tank

图5 环形鼓泡状态下模拟的不同截面上冷氦气从水中鼓泡喷出结果（“1”指的是全气相）

Fig.5 Simulation results of cold helium pressurization process in water tank on three different sections (legend denotes volume fraction of gas)

图6 单孔鼓泡时储罐中的压力随时间的变化曲线

Fig.6 History of ullage pressure in one hole scheme tank

图7 t=36 s时刻水储罐和煤油储罐气枕空间的温度云图分布

Fig.7 Temperature contours of gas phase inside water/kerosene tank at t=36 s

图8 氦气/煤油单孔鼓泡在t=4,16,32 s时刻的温度分布云图

Fig.8 Temperature contour of helium/kerosene in central injection scheme tank at t=4,16,32 s

图9 在t=4 s时刻x=0.664 m处的温度和液相含量分布曲线

Fig.9 Temperature and liquid fraction lines at x=0.664 m and t=4 s

图10 环形和中心孔鼓泡气枕压力随时间的变化

Fig.10 History of ullage pressure of one hole and ringlike holes schemes

图11 t=0.3,0.9,2.4,12.5 s时中间的排气孔中心截面的气相云图

Fig.11 Phase contour of middle section of tank at t=0.3,0.9,2.4,12.5 s

图12 t=0.3,0.6,0.9 s时环形小孔上方水平平面上气相体积含量云图

Fig.12 Gas fraction contour of horizontal plane above ringlike holes at t=0.3,0.6,0.9 s

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