ZIF衍生多孔碳纳米纤维用于高效电容去离子的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种环保节能的新兴脱盐技术，电容去离子技术正在成为替代反渗透脱盐和电渗析脱盐的一项重要的脱盐技术。各种碳基材料被广泛地应用于电容去离子电极材料的研究，然而大多数碳基材料为粉末状材料，需要添加黏结剂，这必将导致电极材料电吸附能力的下降。利用静电纺丝技术，将ZIF纳米颗粒和聚丙烯腈混纺，并通过分段高温热处理过程，成功合成了具有柔性结构的整体性多孔碳纳米纤维。由于其具有孔道结构的分级分布和较强的亲水性等优良特性，所制得的多孔碳纳米纤维在1.2 V电压下于500 mg/L NaCl溶液中表现出良好的电吸附性能，脱盐量达到了19.92 mg/g，比普通碳纳米纤维提高了一倍以上。

关键词: 电容去离子, 碳纳米纤维, 静电纺丝, 脱盐, 电化学, 吸附

Abstract:

As an environmentally-friendly and energy-saving desalination technology, capacitive deionization (CDI) is becoming an important desalination technology to replace reverse osmosis desalination and electrodialysis desalination. Carbon-based materials have been applied as promising CDI electrodes. However, most of them are powdered and binders are inevitably employed in the process of electrode fabrication, which causes a decline in electrosorption ability. Herein, monolithic porous carbon nanofibers with a flexible structure were synthesized by electrospinning and carbonizing the mixture of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Due to the hierarchical porous structure and hydrophilicity, the as-synthesized porous carbon nanofibers exhibited a great salt adsorption capacity of 19.92 mg/g in 500 mg/L NaCl solution under the voltage of 1.2 V, which was two times higher than that of pristine carbon nanofibers.

Key words: capacitive deionization, carbon nanofibers, electrospinning, desalination, electrochemistry, adsorption

中图分类号:

TQ 150.9

高利军, 白思林, 梁苏岑, 穆野, 董强, 胡超. ZIF衍生多孔碳纳米纤维用于高效电容去离子的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(6): 2760-2767.

Lijun GAO, Silin BAI, Sucen LIANG, Ye MU, Qiang DONG, Chao HU. ZIF-derived porous carbon nanofibers for high-efficiency capacitive deionization[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(6): 2760-2767.

图/表 8

图1 CDI模块数码照片

Fig.1 Digital photograph of CDI module

图2 CDI实验装置示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of CDI test setup

图3 ZIF/CNF的数码照片

Fig.3 Digital photograph of ZIF/CNF

图4 碳纳米纤维材料的微观结构图

Fig.4 Microstructure images of carbon nanofiber materials

图5 碳纳米纤维的氮气吸脱附等温线及孔径分布图

Fig.5 Nitrogen adsorption and desorption results of carbon nanofiber materials

表1 碳纳米纤维的比表面积及孔体积

Table 1 Specific surface areas and pore volumes of carbon nanofiber materials

总孔体积/

(cm³/g)

图6 碳纳米纤维的电化学性能

Fig.6 Electrochemical performance of ZIF/CNF and CNF electrodes

图7 碳纳米纤维的脱盐性能

Fig.7 Desalination performance of ZIF/CNF and CNF electrodes

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