水凝胶材料在金属离子富集与分离领域的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200339

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水凝胶作为一种极具前景的吸附剂材料，由于具有高效、易操作且能耗低的特性，被广泛应用于工业废水和环境污水中金属离子的富集与分离。近年来，随着主-客体识别作用与金属离子配位作用研究的不断深入，利用水凝胶材料选择性分离和富集金属离子成为研究热点。本文综述了水凝胶材料在富集和分离特定金属离子领域的研究新进展，重点介绍了利用水凝胶材料特异性分离和富集放射性金属离子、稀土金属离子、贵重金属离子和重金属离子的研究现状。

关键词: 水凝胶, 吸附剂, 金属离子富集, 金属离子分离

Abstract:

As a promising adsorbent material, hydrogel has been widely used in the enrichment and separation of metal ions in industrial wastewaters and environmental sewages due to the high efficiency, easy operation and low energy consumption. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on host-guest recognition and metal ion coordination, the use of hydrogel materials to selectively separate and enrich metal ions has become a research hotspot. This paper reviews recent progress in the field of enrichments and separations of specific metal ions. The research status of the separations and enrichments of rare earth elements, precious metal elements and heavy metal elements by hydrogel materials are mainly introduced.

Key words: hydrogels, adsorbents, enrichments of metal ions, separations of metal ions

中图分类号:

TQ 021

文国宇, 汪伟, 谢锐, 巨晓洁, 刘壮, 褚良银. 水凝胶材料在金属离子富集与分离领域的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(9): 3866-3875.

Guoyu WEN, Wei WANG, Rui XIE, Xiaojie JU, Zhuang LIU, Liangyin CHU. Recent progress of hydrogel materials in the field of enrichment and separation of metal ions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(9): 3866-3875.

图/表 6

图1 Zn2+-PAO超分子水凝胶离子交联与选择性吸附铀的机理[31]

Fig.1 The ionic crosslinking and selective uranium-adsorption mechanism of the Zn2+-PAO supramolecular hydrogel[31]

图2 P(AAc-co-B18C6Am)水凝胶的制备示意图（a）及其识别吸附铯离子的示意图[（b）、（c）][39]

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of the preparation process (a) and cesium recognition and adsorption property [(b), (c)] of the P(AAc-co-B18C6Am) hydrogel[39]

图3 PNIPAm-clay复合水凝胶制备过程和La3+吸附过程（a）预聚液中的所有成分（SA代表海藻酸钠）；（b）PNIPAm-clay纳米复合晶胶的形成（-15℃），自立式晶胶（-15℃）的光学照片以及半互穿网络；（c）吸附后，由于La3+与海藻酸钠高分子链中的G组分的强螯合作用，两种聚合物网络相互交织，半互穿网络转变为互穿聚合物网络[50]

Fig.3 Preparation process and La3+ adsorption of PNIPAm-clay nanocomposite hydrogel(a) all of the components of the precursor solution (SA denotes sodium alginate); (b) formation of the PNIPAm-clay nanocomposite cryogel (-15℃), a photograph of a self-standing cryogel (-15℃), and a schematic diagram of the semi-IPN; (c) after adsorption, the two types of polymer networks are intertwined, semi-IPN changes to be an interpenetrating polymer network; demonstrated is a scheme of the strong chelating action between La3+ and G blocks in the alginate chains[50]

图4 充分利用多功能MoS2实现从水凝胶的制备到近红外光控制吸附-脱附循环的示意图[62]

Fig.4 Schematic illustration of the utilization of multi-functional MoS2 from fabrication of the hydrogel to the NIR manipulated adsorption-desorption cycle[62]

图5 P(NIPAM-co-BCAm)水凝胶针对Pb2+的温敏性吸附/解吸示意图:当温度低于LCST时吸附，当温度高于LCST时解吸[68]

Fig.5 Schematic illustration of the thermo-responsive adsorption/desorption behavior of P(NIPAM-co-BCAm) hydrogel towards Pb2+ ions, which exhibits adsorption at temperature lower than the LCST and desorption at temperature higher than the LCST[68]

表1 水凝胶吸附剂对不同金属离子吸附容量及其吸附条件

Table 1 Adsorption capacity and adsorption conditions of hydrogel adsorbent on different metal ions

吸附剂	金属离子	最大吸附容量/(mg·g^-1)	pH
PCNS	$U O 2 2 +$	451.118	4
SUP	$U O 2 2 +$	9.2×10^-3	8
Zn²⁺-PAO	$U O 2 2 +$	1188	7
β-CD（AN-co-AA）	Th⁴⁺	692	2.95
P(AAc-co-B18C6Am)	Cs⁺	74.6	6
alginate-clay-PNIPAm	La³⁺	182	5
P(Penta3MP4/PEGDA/HEMA)	Au³⁺	45.19	0.5
MNH	Ag⁺	40.5	6
P(NIPAM-co-B18C6Am)	Pb²⁺	142	5
MoS₂-rGO	Hg²⁺	340	3.5

表1 水凝胶吸附剂对不同金属离子吸附容量及其吸附条件

Table 1 Adsorption capacity and adsorption conditions of hydrogel adsorbent on different metal ions

吸附剂	金属离子	最大吸附容量/(mg·g^-1)	pH
PCNS	$U O 2 2 +$	451.118	4
SUP	$U O 2 2 +$	9.2×10^-3	8
Zn²⁺-PAO	$U O 2 2 +$	1188	7
β-CD（AN-co-AA）	Th⁴⁺	692	2.95
P(AAc-co-B18C6Am)	Cs⁺	74.6	6
alginate-clay-PNIPAm	La³⁺	182	5
P(Penta3MP4/PEGDA/HEMA)	Au³⁺	45.19	0.5
MNH	Ag⁺	40.5	6
P(NIPAM-co-B18C6Am)	Pb²⁺	142	5
MoS₂-rGO	Hg²⁺	340	3.5

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