水性超疏水涂层的制备、调控与应用的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200690

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于可持续发展和绿色环保的要求，以水替代有机挥发性溶剂的新型水性超疏水涂层逐渐成为研究热点，但是水性涂料的分散性及涂层的疏水稳定性、涂层性能等相关问题也随之而来。本文介绍了水性超疏水涂层制备方法的发展现状，针对水性超疏水涂层力学耐久性能差的问题提出可行性方案，例如制备内外一致的一体化复合结构，加强涂层内界面相互作用，交联作用或设计自修复水性超疏水涂层等。此外，还对水性超疏水涂层在油水分离、防结冰、自清洁等领域的进展进行阐述，并探讨了水性超疏水涂层的规模化制备、涂层力学性能的强化和耐久性研究将成为主要探索方向，只有夯实水性超疏水涂层的基础研究，工业应用才能突破。

关键词: 水性超疏水, 涂层制备, 表面, 界面, 调控, 力学性能

Abstract:

Based on the requirements of sustainable development and environmental protection, novel waterborne superhydrophobic coatings that use water instead of organic volatile solvents have gradually attracted substantial attention from scientists. However, related problems such as the dispersibility of water-based coatings, the hydrophobic stability of the coating, and the coating performance have also followed. In this work, the progress on the preparation method of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings is introduced.The feasible solutions related to the poor mechanical durability of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings are proposed, such as preparing an integrated composite structure with internal and external consistency, enhancing the interfacial interaction in the coating or designing a self-healing waterborne superhydrophobic coating. In addition, the research progress of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings in the fields of oil-water separation, anti-icing, self-cleaning and so forth in recent years have been described. The large-scale preparation of waterborne superhydrophobic coating, the enhancement of coating mechanical properties and the study of durability will become the main exploration direction in the future. The industrial applications of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings would be broken through by deepening their basic research.

Key words: waterborne superhydrophobic, coating preparation, surface, interface, regulation, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TQ 63

汪怀远, 林丹, 张曦光, 袁思成. 水性超疏水涂层的制备、调控与应用的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(2): 669-680.

WANG Huaiyuan, LIN Dan, ZHANG Xiguang, YUAN Sicheng. Research progress on preparation, regulation and application of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(2): 669-680.

图/表 9

图1 介孔二氧化硅壳/油核微球合成的原理图[31]

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of mesoporous silica shell / oil core microsphere synthesis[31]

图2 PDMS-in-water乳液的合成过程(a)及PDMS分散状态(b)；PDMS水中乳液的光学照片(c)[34]

Fig.2 Synthesis process to the PDMS-in-water emulsion (a) and the PDMS dispersion state (b). Optical photograph of the PDMS-in-water emulsion (c)[34]

图3 借助盐溶解辅助蚀刻工艺制造超疏水PDMS表面[45]

Fig.3 Superhydrophobic PDMS surface with the help of a salt-dissolution assisted etching process[45]

图4 在铝基板上一步电沉积负载抑制剂(苯并三唑)的介孔二氧化硅膜[46]

Fig.4 Inhibitor (benzotriazole)-loaded mesoporous silica film by one-step electrodeposition on aluminum substrate[46]

图5 水性树脂制备的超疏水表面在水中浸润或空气中干燥时的亲水基团翻转机理[52]

Fig.5 Scheme showing the overturn of the hydrophilic groups caused by water immersion or air drying on SH coatings fabricated by waterborne resins[52]

表1 水性超疏水涂层力学性能的调控策略及相应力学耐久性能

Table 1 Control strategy of mechanical properties and its mechanical durability of waterborne superhydrophobic coatings

Materials	Regulating strategy	Test	Condition	Distance or cycle	Wettability after test
PTFE-ZnAc₂-NaCl^[56]	integrated composite structure	liner friction	2.7 kPa, 1500 meshes	4.5m	WCA=145.1°
micro/nanotextured PDMS^[57]	integrated composite structure	rotary friction	20 kPa, 240 meshes	50 m	WCA=161°
silicone-acrylic^[58]	improve coating interface	liner friction	100 g, 600 meshes	6 m	WCA>150°
water-based acrylate copolymer/silica^[59]		liner friction	200 g, 2000 meshes	300 cycles	WCA=157°
WPU/F-SiO₂^[60]		rotary friction	250 g, CS 10 wheels	250 cycles	WCA=159.2°
PDMS-PES^[18]		washing	—	4 cycles	WCA=141°
AP-ZnO@PTFE^[61]		liner friction	200 g, 1000 meshes	5 m	WCA>150°
WFPU4^[62]	cross-linking interaction	liner friction	—	25 m	WSA=7.6°
SAC and silica sol^[63]	cross-linking interaction	rotary friction	250 g, CS 10 wheels	300 cycles	WCA=151.3°
Zonyl321/FAS/PTFE^[16]	self-repairing	martindale method	12 kPa	2000 cycles	CA=148°
pH-capsules^[64]		soak in NaCl_(aq)	10 kPa, 320 meshes	7 cycles	WCA>150°
U-capsules^[65]		liner friction	20 kPa, 1500 meshes	10 cycles	WCA>150°

图6 涂层微观结构示意图[56]

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of coating microstructure[56]

图7 超疏水PES织物的制备示意图[18]

Fig.7 Sketch of the preparation of superhydrophobic PES fabrics[18]

图8 复合涂层中黏结结构示意图[63]

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of bonding structure in composite coating[63]

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