考虑微观表面分层特征密封环接触特性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

软硬配对的密封环广泛应用于旋转式动密封领域，然而动静环间的接触摩擦是引起密封失效的主要原因。分析密封环的接触特性对研究密封摩擦损伤现象乃至预测密封稳定运行具有重要意义。传统研究大多基于密封环微观表面微凸体满足高斯分布的单层特征假设，忽略其存在的分层特征。本研究以干气密封为工程背景，通过测量密封环表面形貌二维数据，利用间断分离法获取分层参数，结合双高斯表面仿真理论对密封环三维重构，使用确定性接触模型对密封环接触特性进行研究，并结合表面仿真分析相关长度、下高斯粗糙度、上高斯占比等对密封接触特性的影响。研究结果表明：经过抛光处理的成品碳石墨密封环分层特征明显。相关长度的增加会减少粗糙峰数量并增加粗糙峰平均曲率半径。上高斯占比的增加导致粗糙峰平均曲率半径略有增加。增加下高斯粗糙度会降低粗糙峰平均曲率半径，增加粗糙峰数量，显著降低接触性能。下高斯粗糙度对表面形貌、接触特性影响最大，而相关长度、上高斯占比对接触特性影响较小。

关键词: 动密封, 表面形貌, 分层特征, 微尺度, 接触

Abstract:

The sealing rings with soft-hard pairing are extensively applied in the field of rotary dynamic sealing. However, the contact friction between the static and dynamic rings is the main cause of sealing failure. Analyzing the contact characteristics of the seal ring is important for studying the seal friction damage phenomenon and even predicting the stable operation of the seal. Traditional studies are mostly based on the assumption that the micro-surface micro-convexities of the sealing rings satisfy the single-layer characteristic of Gaussian distribution, ignoring the existence of stratification characteristics. This paper, based on the engineering background of dry gas seals, measures the two-dimensional data of the surface topography of the sealing ring, uses the discontinuous separation method to obtain layered parameters, reconstructs the sealing ring in three dimensions using the dual-Gaussian surface simulation theory, studies the contact characteristics of the sealing ring using a deterministic contact model, and analyzes the effects of related length, lower Gaussian roughness, and upper Gaussian proportion on the sealing contact characteristics in combination with surface simulation. The results show that polished finished carbon graphite sealing ring with distinctive stratified characteristic. An increase in the correlation length reduces the number of rough peaks and increases their average radius of curvature. The increase of the upper Gauss ratio leads to a slight increase in the mean curvature radius of the rough peaks. Increasing the lower Gaussian roughness will decrease the average curvature radius of rough peaks, increase the number of rough peaks, and significantly reduce the contact performance. The lower Gaussian roughness has the greatest influence on the surface morphology and contact characteristics, while the correlation length and upper Gaussian ratio have little influence on the contact characteristics.

Key words: dynamic seal, surface topography, stratified characteristic, microscale, contact

中图分类号:

TH 133.36

刘孟扬, 孙雪剑, 毛文元, 邓晰文, 雷基林. 考虑微观表面分层特征密封环接触特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1156-1169.

Mengyang LIU, Xuejian SUN, Wenyuan MAO, Xiwen DENG, Jilin LEI. Contact characterization of sealing rings considering microscopic surface delamination features[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(3): 1156-1169.

图/表 18

图1 常见的干气密封(a)；密封结构(b)

Fig.1 Common dry gas seals (a); Seal structure (b)

图2 双高斯表面分离

Fig.2 Double Gaussian surface separation

图3 双高斯表面仿真

Fig.3 Double Gaussian surface simulation

图4 双高斯分层表面与刚性光滑表面的接触

Fig.4 Double Gaussian layered surfaces in contact with rigid smooth surfaces

表1 双高斯表面生成参数

Table 1 Bi-Gaussian surface generation parameters

分量	尺寸/(μm×μm）	节点数	σ_u,σ_l /μm	z_mu,z_ml/μm	λ_x_u,λ_x_l/μm	λ_y_u,λ_y_l/μm
上高斯	360×360	1024×1024	0.100	-0.5000	10.200	10.200
下高斯	360×360	1024×1024	1.000	0.0000	10.200	10.200

表2 仿真表面双高斯参数

Table 2 Simulated surface Bi-Gaussian parameters

参数	复现	文献值	参数	复现	文献值
σ/μm	0.411	0.429	σ_l /μm	0.979	1.060
Ssk	-2.420	-2.470	z_mu/μm	0.1310	0.1310
Sku	9.880	10.100	z_ml/μm	0.6860	0.7670
λ_x /μm	8.100	8.800	Smq	0.7412	0.7536
λ_y /μm	8.450	8.450	z_k/μm	0.005	-0.013
σ_u/μm	0.120	0.125

图5 本模型PRMC曲线、接触性能与文献[31]对比

Fig.5 Comparison of PRMC curves, contact performance in this model with literature[31]

图6 密封环测量

Fig.6 Seal ring measurement

表3 碳石墨环表面参数

Table 3 Surface parameters of carbon graphite ring

编号	σ/μm	Ssk	Sku	λ_m/μm	σ_u/μm	σ_l /μm	z_mu/μm	z_ml/μm	z_k/μm	Smq
1-1	0.064	-1.016	7.772	9.766	0.059	0.162	0.0040	0.1560	-0.083	0.9294
1-2	0.065	-1.127	6.801	9.126	0.059	0.125	0.0030	0.0710	-0.057	0.8472
2-1	0.064	-1.035	6.789	11.047	0.058	0.159	0.0060	0.1510	-0.077	0.9243
2-2	0.066	-1.571	9.424	9.126	0.057	0.231	0.0010	0.2990	-0.097	0.9563
3-1	0.063	-0.894	7.165	10.247	0.062	0.166	0.0050	0.1740	-0.095	0.9473
3-2	0.061	-1.149	7.114	9.926	0.057	0.145	0.0050	0.1220	-0.071	0.9088
平均值	0.064	-1.132	7.511	9.873	0.059	0.165	0.0040	0.1620	-0.080	0.9189
重构表面	0.069	-1.254	6.799	8.970	0.056	0.164	0.0030	0.1420	-0.007	0.8993

图7 碳石墨环的无量纲接触压力(a)，粗糙峰数量(b)，真实接触面积比例(c)，PMRC(d)

Fig.7 Dimensionless contact pressure (a), number of rough peaks (b), proportion of true contact area (c), and PMRC (d) for carbon graphite rings

表4 具有不同分层特征的表面仿真参数

Table 4 Simulation parameters of surfaces with different Stratified characteristics

研究对象	λ/μm	σ_u/μm	σ_l /μm	z_mu/μm	z_ml/μm
λ=3 μm	3.000	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.1620
λ=10 μm	10.000	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.1620
λ=20 μm	20.000	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.1620
λ=30 μm	30.000	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.1620
Smq=0.6	9.873	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.0646
Smq=0.7	9.873	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.0747
Smq=0.8	9.873	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.0848
Smq=0.9	9.873	0.064	0.165	0.0040	0.0949
σ_l =0.3 μm	9.873	0.064	0.300	0.0040	0.1620
σ_l =0.5 μm	9.873	0.064	0.500	0.0040	0.1620
σ_l =0.7 μm	9.873	0.064	0.700	0.0040	0.1620
σ_l =0.9 μm	9.873	0.064	0.900	0.0040	0.1620

图8 具有不同λ、Smq、σl 参数的双高斯分层表面形貌

Fig.8 Bi-Gaussian layered surface morphology with different λ, Smq and σl

图9 具有不同λ、Smq、σl 参数的粗糙峰形貌

Fig.9 Rough peak morphology with different λ, Smq and σl

图10 具有不同λ（a）、Smq（b）、σl （c）参数的表面形貌（实线）以及粗糙峰（虚线）形貌的PMRC曲线

Fig.10 PMRC curves with different λ (a), Smq (b) and σl (c) parameters for surface morphology (solid line) and rough peaks (dashed line)

图11 具有不同λ、Smq、σl 的表面形貌参数

Fig.11 Surface topographic parameters with different λ, Smq and σl

图12 具有不同λ、Smq、σl 的粗糙峰参数

Fig.12 Roughness peak parameters with different λ, Smq and σl

图13 具有不同相关长度λ、上高斯占比Smq、下高斯粗糙度σl 的粗糙峰受力云图

Fig.13 Force cloud of rough peaks with different λ, Smq and σl

图14 具有不同λ（a）、Smq（b）、σl （c）的无量纲接触压力与无量纲距离之间的关系

Fig.14 Relationship between dimensionless contact pressure and dimensionless distance with different λ (a), Smq (b) and σl (c)

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