Preparation of coal-based porous carbon nanosheets by molten salt strategy as anodes for sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220473

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of low-cost anodes with high charge-storage performance for sodium-ion batteries is the key to its commercialization. Herein, two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets (CTx) were controllably prepared using coal liquefaction residue with rich aromatic frameworks as carbon precursors by taking advantage of KCl/CaCl₂ molten salt, and their electrochemical performance as the anodes for sodium-ion batteries was further explored. It was found that the microstructure of coal-based CTx could be optimized by regulating the carbonization temperature, and the as-obtained sample at 1000℃ (CT1000) exhibits a high specific surface area and abundant defect structure. Therefore, a high reversible specific capacity of 221.4 mAh·g^-1 was achieved at a current density of 0.1 A·g^-1 as the anodes for sodium-ion batteries, and the specific capacity could be maintained at 124.4 mAh·g^-1 when the current density was increased to 10 A·g^-1, demonstrating excellent rate performance. Furthermore, the CT1000 electrode delivers good cycling stability with a specific capacity retention of 94.2% after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^-1.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, coal-based residue, molten salt, porous carbon nanosheets, electrochemical performance

摘要：

低成本、高性能钠离子电池负极材料的开发是其走向商业化应用的关键。以富含芳香结构单元的煤液化固体残渣为碳源，结合KCl/CaCl₂熔融盐的结构导向作用，可控制备了二维多孔碳纳米片（carbon nanosheets， CTx），并探究其用于钠离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。研究发现，通过调控碳化温度可对煤基多孔碳纳米片的微观结构进行优化，在1000℃下制备的二维碳纳米片样品（CT1000）具有相对高的比表面积和丰富的缺陷结构。作为钠离子电池的负极材料，在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下，其可逆比容量为221.4 mAh·g^-1，当电流密度增加至10 A·g^-1时，比容量可以保持在124.4 mAh·g^-1，倍率性能优异。此外，在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下经2000次循环后，比容量保持率高达94.2%，展现出较大的应用潜力。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 煤基固体残渣, 熔融盐, 多孔碳纳米片, 电化学性能

CLC Number:

TQ 536.4

Boyang REN, Xiaogang CHE, Siyu LIU, Man WANG, Xinghua HAN, Ting DONG, Juan YANG. Preparation of coal-based porous carbon nanosheets by molten salt strategy as anodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4745-4753.

任博阳, 车晓刚, 刘思宇, 王满, 韩兴华, 董婷, 杨卷. 熔融盐法制备煤基多孔碳纳米片用于钠离子电池负极[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4745-4753.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 SEM images of CTx samples

Fig.2 TEM image and high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (HRTEM) of the CT1000 sample

Fig.3 XPS spectrum and element content of CTx samples

Fig.4 XRD patterns (a), Raman spectrum (b), N2 adsorption / desorption curves (c) and pore size distribution (d) of CTx samples

Fig.5 CV curves of CTx at the scanning rate of 0.2 mV·s-1 and galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of CTx at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1

Fig.6 Rate capability and cyclic performance of CTx samples

Fig.7 CV curves， linear relationship between lgv and lgi， capacitive and diffusive contributions and percentage of capacitive contribution of CTx

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