基于斯特林制冷机的文物恒湿展柜设计及实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

博物馆文物保存过程中相对湿度对文物的影响尤其重要，因此针对目前小型展柜广泛采用的半导体制冷存在制冷量小的缺点，结合斯特林制冷机制冷量大、寿命长、安全可靠等优点，设计并搭建了一台基于斯特林制冷的文物恒湿展柜装置，实现对微环境中相对湿度的精确调节。将斯特林制冷机的冷头置于优化设计的水槽中用于控制水温，采用空气与水直接接触的方式控制展柜内空气湿度。结果表明：使用散热片以及小型循环水泵可以大幅提升冷头与水之间的换热效率；合理的风机控制策略可以有效提升展柜湿度调节速度，维持湿度稳定，降低系统能耗；展柜内的相对湿度在45.0%～65.0%之间连续可调，并能保持稳定。

关键词: 文物展柜, 恒湿, 斯特林制冷机, 优化设计, 传热, 传质

Abstract:

The influence of relative humidity on cultural relics is significantly important in the preservation of cultural relics in museums. Considering the disadvantage of low cooling capacity in the semiconductor cooler which is widely used in small relic showcases currently, and the advantages of Stirling cryocooler, such as large cooling capacity, long service life, safety and reliability, etc., a novel constant humidity relic showcase using a Stirling cryocooler is designed and built to achieve the precise regulation of relative humidity in the microenvironment. In this device, the cold head of the Stirling cryocooler is placed in an optimal-designed water tank to control the water temperature, and the air humidity in the showcase is controlled by the direct contact between air and water for heat and mass transfer. The results show that the heat transfer efficiency between cold head and water can be greatly improved by using heat sink and circulating water pump. Appropriate fan control strategy can effectively improve the humidity control speed, maintain the humidity stability and reduce the system energy consumption. The relative humidity in the showcases can be adjusted continuously from 45.0% to 65.0% under the premise of being stable.

Key words: relic showcase, constant humidity, Stirling cryocooler, optimal design, heat transfer, mass transfer

中图分类号:

TB 651

汪宁, 张学军, 赵阳, 甘智华, 张春伟, 余萌. 基于斯特林制冷机的文物恒湿展柜设计及实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 179-186.

Ning WANG, Xuejun ZHANG, Yang ZHAO, Zhihua GAN, Chunwei ZHANG, Meng YU. Design and experimental study on constant humidity relic showcase using Stirling cryocooler[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 179-186.

图/表 10

图1 文物恒湿展柜装置1—展柜；2—展柜外温湿度传感器；3—展柜内温湿度传感器；4—回风口；5—数据采集仪；6—计算机；7—展柜机箱；8—铂电阻温度计；9—水槽；10—水；11—斯特林制冷机；12—送风口

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of constant humidity relic showcase

图2 斯特林制冷机实物

Fig.2 Stirling cryocooler

图3 水槽结构

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of sink structure

图4 水槽与制冷机装配

Fig.4 Assembly drawing of sink and cryocooler

图5 冷头加装散热片结构

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of cold head with fins

图6 布置散热片/水泵前后水温变化

Fig.6 Variation of water temperature before and after setting fins/water pump

图7 同时开启制冷机和风机时温湿度变化

Fig.7 Variation of temperature and relative humidity as cryocooler and fan operating simultaneously

图8 减湿后温湿度变化

Fig.8 Variation of temperature and relative humidity after dehumidification

图9 目标水温为7.0℃时温湿度变化

Fig.9 Variation of temperature and relative humidity as target water temperature at 7.0℃

图10 不同水温下稳定时展柜内相对湿度

Fig.10 Relative humidity at steady state in showcase under different water temperature

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