石墨相氮化碳纳米片膜研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210624

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）纳米片由于具有本征孔、高孔密度、高稳定性、高力学强度、大比表面积、化学环境可调节等特性，在气体分离、渗透汽化、脱盐等膜分离工艺中具有独特的优势，从而引起了研究人员的广泛关注。本文介绍了g-C₃N₄纳米片的结构和性质，总结了g-C₃N₄纳米片的制备方法，阐述了不同形式的g-C₃N₄纳米片基分离膜，讨论了g-C₃N₄纳米片膜在分离中的应用，提出了g-C₃N₄纳米片膜的存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。

关键词: 石墨相氮化碳, 纳米片, 膜, 分离, 水处理, 气体分离

Abstract:

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanosheets have the characteristics of intrinsic pores， high pore density， high stability， high mechanical strength， large specific surface area and adjustable chemical environment. This review systematically describes the structural properties of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets and summarizes the typical preparation methods of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. Then the different types of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets-based membranes and relative applications in various separation processes are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the current existing challenges and future development directions for g-C₃N₄ nanosheets separation membranes have also been presented. We wish this paper would be helpful for the design and synthesis of high-performance g-C₃N₄ nanosheets membranes for purification processes.

Key words: graphitic carbon nitride, nanosheets, membranes, separation, water treatment, gas separation

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

张娅, 王锐, 文思斯, 周燚洒, 薛健, 王海辉. 石墨相氮化碳纳米片膜研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(12): 6188-6202.

Ya ZHANG, Rui WANG, Sisi WEN, Yisa ZHOU, Jian XUE, Haihui WANG. Research progress of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets membrane[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6188-6202.

图/表 10

图1 g-C3N4的三嗪(a)，三-s-三嗪(b)的结构[37]

Fig.1 Structural models of g-C3N4 in terms of s-triazine (a) and tri-s-triazine (b) units[37]

图2 g-C3N4的层间结构(a)[39]和三角形纳米孔(b)

Fig.2 Interlayer structure (a)[39] and triangular nanopores (b) of g-C3N4

图3 超声剥离制备g-C3N4纳米片示意图[54]

Fig.3 Schematic of the formation process of the g-C3N4 nanosheets by liquid-exfoliation[54]

图4 分子自组装制备g-C3N4纳米片示意图[71]

Fig.4 Schematic representation of g-C3N4 nanosheet by molecular self-assembly[71]

图5 g-C3N4与Matrimid之间的主要作用[75]

Fig.5 The major reaction between g-C3N4 and Matrimid[75]

图6 GO-g-C3N4复合膜层间分子传输过程示意图[81]

Fig.6 Schematic illustration of the separation process of molecules through the corrugations in GOCN composite membrane[81]

图7 GO修饰g-C3N4纳米片膜的气体分子传输示意图及气体分离性能图[86]

Fig.7 Illustration of the gas molecular transport through the GO-modified g-C3N4 nanosheets membranes and the gas separation performance [86]

图8 水在g-C3N4纳米片膜中的传输示意图以及性能图[26]EB—伊文思蓝染料； RB—罗丹明B染料； cyt c—细胞色素C； Au—金纳米粒子

Fig.8 Water transport diagram and performance diagram in g-C3N4 nanosheet membrane[26]

图9 GO/g-C3N4复合膜对离子的分离性能[93]

Fig.9 Performance of GO/g-C3N4 composite membranes in rejection of ionic species[93]

图10 g-C3N4膜的离子传输示意图[102]

Fig.10 Schematic illustration of ion transport through the g-C3N4 membrane[102]

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