化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (7): 2962-2970.doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220178

• 流体力学与传递现象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于流量振荡的窄矩形通道内临界热通量机理模型

闫美月1(),邓坚2,潘良明1(),马在勇1,李想1,邓杰文1,何清澈1   

  1. 1.重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室，重庆 400044
    2.中国核动力研究设计院反应堆系统设计技术;重点实验室，四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-07 修回日期:2022-04-18 出版日期:2022-07-05 发布日期:2022-08-01
  • 通讯作者: 潘良明 E-mail:yanmeiyue@cqu.edu.cn;cneng@cqu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:闫美月（1993—），女，博士研究生， yanmeiyue@cqu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(02120023710003);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB21023)

Mechanism model of critical heat flux in narrow rectangular channel based on flow oscillations

Meiyue YAN1(),Jian DENG2,Liangming PAN1(),Zaiyong MA1,Xiang LI1,Jiewen DENG1,Qingche HE1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
    2.Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-02-07 Revised:2022-04-18 Published:2022-07-05 Online:2022-08-01
  • Contact: Liangming PAN E-mail:yanmeiyue@cqu.edu.cn;cneng@cqu.edu.cn

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摘要：

设备最大运行功率受临界热通量(CHF)限制，而流量振荡会导致沸腾危机早发，此时的临界热通量称为PM-CHF。为了研究流量振荡条件下窄矩形通道内的临界热通量，进行单侧加热窄矩形通道内竖直向上流动条件下沸腾危机可视化实验，实验工质为去离子水，质量流速范围为350~2000 kg/(m2·s)，窄缝宽度范围为1~5 mm，系统压力范围为1~4 MPa。结果显示，在窄矩形通道中CHF随质量流速的增加而线性增加。当流速较小时会发生流量振荡，振荡周期约为0.1 s。流量振荡继而导致沸腾危机早发，其流型表现为弹状流-搅混流。此外，针对本实验观察到的流量振荡和窄矩形通道内气泡动力学特性，从流量振荡的角度进行理论分析与推导，建立窄矩形通道内由于流动失稳引起的PM-CHF机理模型，预测误差在30%以内。

关键词: 窄矩形通道, PM-CHF, 两相流, 流域, 气泡

Abstract:

The maximum operating power of the device is limited by the critical heat flux (CHF), however, the flow oscillation can cause premature critical heat flux (called PM-CHF) and reduce the stable operating range. In order to study the critical heat flux in a narrow rectangular channel under flow oscillation conditions, this paper conducted experiments to visualize the boiling crisis in a narrow rectangular channel under vertical upward flow condition with deionized water as the working medium, with mass flux range of 350—2000 kg/(m2·s), narrow gap size range of 1—5 mm, and system pressure range of 1—4 MPa. The results show that CHF increases linearly with increasing mass flow rate in the narrow rectangular channel. The flow oscillation occurs when the mass flux is small, and the oscillation period is about 0.1 s. The flow oscillation leads to the early onset of boiling crisis, during which the flow pattern is slug-churn flow. Based on the flow oscillation and the bubble dynamics characteristics in the narrow rectangular channel, the theoretical analysis and derivation are carried out from the perspective of flow oscillation. In results, a PM-CHF mechanism model is established, and the error is within 30%.

Key words: narrow rectangular channel, PM-CHF, two-phase flow, flow regime, bubble

中图分类号: 

  • TL 334

图1

实验回路示意图"

图2

可视化部分示意图"

图3

热电偶布置图"

表1

实验参数工况"

参数工况
实验压力p/MPa1~4
窄缝宽度ε/mm1~5
加热长度 L/mm600
质量流速G/(kg/(m2·s))350~2000
入口过冷度ΔTin,sub/K60~120
加热方式单面加热
加热材料不锈钢
流向向上流动
工质去离子水

图4

质量流速对CHF影响"

图5

流动不稳定性条件下CHF发生时流型变化"

图6

流量振荡条件下CHF发生时流量和温度变化"

表2

不稳定性模型"

现有模型具体项目
Helmholtz不稳定性[25-26]研究对象：下层流体密度高于上层流体密度，两流体交界面均与交界面平行，但速度不同，当两者相对速度超过临界值时，发生Helmholtz不稳定性
CHF机理：加热壁面上小气泡聚合形成大气泡，大气泡底部的微液层因蒸发而完全耗尽时发生沸腾危机，大气泡长度取决于Helmholtz不稳定性
Taylor不稳定性[25]研究对象：上层流体密度高于下层流体密度，讨论两流体受到垂直交界面的扰动时引起的不稳定现象
CHF机理：在池式沸腾中，临界热通量为以最危险波长为直径的气泡的蒸发热通量

图7

微液层蒸干模型预测值与本实验值的对比情况"

图8

CHF发生时气泡行为及热通量分布示意图"

表3

汽化核心密度预测关系式"

Ref.CorrelationRanges
[31]Na=210ΔTw1.8—
[32]Na=0.34(1-cosθ)ΔTw2.0??????ΔTw,ONB<ΔTw<15?KNa=3.4×10-5(1-cosθ)ΔTw5.3???????ΔTw≥15?K

G: 124—886 kg/(m2·s)

ΔTin,sub: 6.6—52.5 K

[33]Na=3.1×10-7ΔTw8.19595

p: 0.1—0.5 MPa

G: 400—1600 kg/(m2·s)

ΔTin,sub: 20—60 K

图9

模型计算值与实验值对比"

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