不同冷凝段温度下液氮脉动热管可视化实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230962

化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (12): 4892-4903.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230962

不同冷凝段温度下液氮脉动热管可视化实验研究

卜治丞¹(), 李思卓², 焦波¹(), 王博³, 甘智华²^,³

^1.山东交通学院船舶与港口工程学院，山东威海 264209
^2.浙江省制冷与低温技术重点实验室，浙江大学制冷与低温研究所，浙江杭州 310027
^3.浙大城市学院低温中心，浙江杭州 310015

收稿日期:2023-09-14 修回日期:2023-12-10 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2024-02-19
通讯作者: 焦波
作者简介:卜治丞（2000—），男，硕士研究生，21226020@stu.sdjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023ME217);山东交通学院博士科研启动基金项目(BS2020032);山东交通学院科研基金项目(Z202124)

Visualization study on a nitrogen pulsating heat pipe under different condenser temperatures

Zhicheng BU¹(), Sizhuo LI², Bo JIAO¹(), Bo WANG³, Zhihua GAN²^,³

^1.College of Naval Architecture and Port Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
^3.Cryogenic Center, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-09-14 Revised:2023-12-10 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2024-02-19
Contact: Bo JIAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

脉动热管作为一种高效换热元件，能够在低温制冷机的冷量传输过程中发挥重要作用。对脉动热管内流型的可视化研究能够全面掌握工质的流动与传热机理，但由于低温环境可视化实验的复杂性，目前从实验中获得的低温脉动热管流型特性是稀缺数据。通过搭建低温脉动热管可视化实验台，采用制冷机作为冷源，系统地研究了以氮为工质时冷凝段温度对装置传热性能的影响。结果表明，充液率较低时，冷凝段温度越高，启动所需的热负荷越低，但易出现干涸现象；中等充液率工况下在冷凝段温度较低时由于流道未全部启动，热阻会升高，全局运行后热阻降低稳定；高充液率下气液运动稳定，随着热负荷增大，热阻下降后保持不变；各充液率下冷凝段温度的升高皆有利于脉动热管全局运行，并获得更低的热阻。

关键词: 多相流, 相变, 传热, 脉动热管, 液氮, 可视化

Abstract:

As a high-efficiency heat exchange element, pulsating heat pipes (PHP) can play an important role in the cold transfer process of cryogenic refrigerators. Visualization on the flow patterns enables a comprehensive understanding of the fluid dynamic and heat transfer mechanism involved in the PHP. However, due to the complexity of conducting visual experiments in cryogenic environments, there has been a scarcity of experimental studies on flow patterns in cryogenic PHPs. In this study, we developed a visualization setup utilizing a cryocooler as the heat sink to systematically investigate the effects of condenser temperature on heat transfer performance. The results show that higher condenser temperatures decrease the required heat load for startup at low filling ratio, but the heat transfer limit occurs. At the medium filling ratio, the partial operation, which is not fully activated, leads to an increment in the thermal resistance at low condenser temperatures. The fully activated operation can decrease the thermal resistance. With a high filling ratio, the regular gas-liquid motion occurs inside the PHP. As the heat load increases, the thermal resistance initially decreases and then stabilizes at a constant value. For the three kinds of filling ratios, the condenser temperature increases, which can benefit for the fully activated operation inside the PHP, consequently resulting in lower thermal resistances.

Key words: multiphase flow, phase change, heat transfer, pulsating heat pipe, liquid nitrogen, visualization

中图分类号:

TK 172.4

卜治丞, 李思卓, 焦波, 王博, 甘智华. 不同冷凝段温度下液氮脉动热管可视化实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 4892-4903.

Zhicheng BU, Sizhuo LI, Bo JIAO, Bo WANG, Zhihua GAN. Visualization study on a nitrogen pulsating heat pipe under different condenser temperatures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 4892-4903.

图/表 10

图1 PHP实验系统

Fig.1 PHP system

图2 PHP结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of PHP structure

图3 瞬时温度和压力曲线（Tc=85 K, FR=53%）

Fig.3 Instantaneous temperature and pressure curves (Tc=85 K, FR=53%)

图4 未加热、Q=1.18 W、Q=2.18 W气液界面分布图像（Tc=85 K, FR=53%）

Fig.4 Gas-liquid interface distribution images at the conditions with zero heat input, Q=1.18 W and Q=2.18 W (Tc=85 K, FR=53%)

图5 启动工况热阻变化曲线

Fig.5 Thermal resistance variation curve with start condition

图6 不同热负荷下在0.50 s内的流动现象（Tc=80 K, FR=29%）

Fig.6 Flow phenomena within 0.50 s atvarious heat loads(Tc=80 K, FR=29%)

图7 各热负荷准稳态运行的流动图像（Tc=80 K）

Fig.7 Flow visualization of quasi-stable operation at various heat loads (Tc=80 K)

图8 热阻随冷凝段温度的变化

Fig.8 Variation of thermal resistance with condenser temperature

图9 不同Tc下在1.00 s内的流型变化（Q=4.18 W, FR=76%）

Fig.9 Flow pattern variation within 1.00 s at various Tc (Q=4.18 W, FR=76%)

图10 不同充液率下蒸发段瞬时温度变化

Fig.10 Instantaneous temperature variation in the evaporator at different filling ratios

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不同冷凝段温度下液氮脉动热管可视化实验研究

Visualization study on a nitrogen pulsating heat pipe under different condenser temperatures

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