一种天然气液化和CO2捕集相结合的余热回收发电系统

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180567

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (1): 261-270.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180567

一种天然气液化和CO₂捕集相结合的余热回收发电系统

张丽¹(),王文武¹(),张智恩²,刘培胜³,文江波⁴,董亮¹

1. 辽宁石油化工大学石油天然气工程学院，辽宁抚顺 113001
2. 重庆理工大学化学与化工学院，重庆400054
3. 辽宁石油化工大学计算机与通信工程学院，辽宁抚顺 113001
4. 广东石油化工大学石油工程学院，广东茂名 525000

收稿日期:2018-05-28 修回日期:2018-10-10 出版日期:2019-01-05 发布日期:2019-01-05
通讯作者: 王文武
作者简介:张丽（1994—），女，硕士研究生，<email>zhanglili1229@hotmail.com</email>|王文武（1975—），男，硕士，讲师，<email>41116521@qq.com</email>
基金资助:
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(201602470)

A waste heat recovery power generation system combined with natural gas liquefaction and CO₂ capture

Li ZHANG¹(),Wenwu WANG¹(),Zhi’en ZHANG²,Peisheng LIU³,Jiangbo WEN⁴,Liang DONG¹

1. College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China
2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
3. School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China
4. School of Petroleum Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China

Received:2018-05-28 Revised:2018-10-10 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-05
Contact: Wenwu WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对余热回收和能源利用的问题，以液化天然气(LNG)作为冷源，稠油开采废气作为热源，提出了一种结合天然气液化和废气发电与CO₂捕集的余热回收利用系统。分析了关键热力学参数对系统热力学性能的影响。结果表明：对于有机朗肯循环和制冷循环，增加透平膨胀机的进口温度，降低其出口压力以及减少制冷循环压缩机进出口的压缩比，可获得最大净输出功为454.9 kW，余热回收效率为34.2%。对于天然气液化系统，采用C++进行非线性约束优化计算，以氮膨胀制冷循环压缩机总功耗为目标函数进行优化，得到压缩机最优总功耗为101.54 kW。降低天然气压缩机(K110)进口温度，氮气膨胀机(T3)出口压力以及氮气质量流量，可获得最大LNG调峰量为378.8 kg/h，反之，CO₂捕集量可提高28.6%。

关键词: 天然气, 液化, 发电, CO₂捕集, 优化

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of waste heat recovery and energy utilization, LNG and heavy oil extraction exhaust gas are used as cold source and heat source respectively, and a waste heat recovery and utilization system combined with natural gas liquefaction and exhaust gas power generation and CO₂ capture is proposed. The effect of key parameters on thermodynamic performance is evaluated. The results show that increasing the turbine inlet temperature, decreasing of turbine outlet pressure and in the compression ratio, have a positive effect on the organic Rankine cycle and refrigeration cycle. The maximum net output power and waste heat recovery efficiency are 454.9 kW and 34.2%, respectively. For the natural gas liquefaction system, the nonlinear optimization of natural gas liquefaction cycles was calculated by using C++. The total power consumption within the nitrogen expansion refrigeration compressors has been selected as the objective function. The nonlinear constrained optimization problem of the liquefaction process is constructed. The optimal total power consumption of the compressors is 101.54 kW. The gas peak load regulation can be taken by decreasing the natural gas compressor (K110) inlet temperature, nitrogen turbine (T3) outlet pressure and its mass flow rate; the maximum value is 378.8 kg/h. On the contrary, the volume of carbon dioxide captured can be increased by 28.6%.

Key words: natural gas, liquefaction, power generation, CO₂ capture, optimization

中图分类号:

TE 09

张丽, 王文武, 张智恩, 刘培胜, 文江波, 董亮. 一种天然气液化和CO₂捕集相结合的余热回收发电系统[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1): 261-270.

Li ZHANG, Wenwu WANG, Zhi’en ZHANG, Peisheng LIU, Jiangbo WEN, Liang DONG. A waste heat recovery power generation system combined with natural gas liquefaction and CO₂ capture[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(1): 261-270.

图/表 13

图1 循环系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of proposed system

表1 系统基本参数

Table 1 Basic parameters of system

Item	Value
exhaust gas inlet temperature/℃	260
exhaust gas inlet pressure/kPa	110
mass flow rate of exhaust gas/(kg/h)	20000
ambient temperature/℃	35
ambient pressure/kPa	101
LNG inlet temperature/℃	-162
LNG inlet pressure/kPa	110
mass flow rate of LNG/(kg/h)	15000
natural gas supply temperature/℃	10—20
amount of LNG liquefaction/(kg/h)	10000

表2 常见工质的冷凝温度(110 kPa)

Table 2 Condensation temperature of common working fluid (110 kPa)

Working fluid	Condensation temperature/℃
R1150	-102.7
R170	-87.2
R32	-50.1
R1270	-46.2
R143a	-45.4
R290	-40.3
R134a	-24.3
R152a	-22.7

图2 透平膨胀机1进口温度和蒸发压力对发电

Fig.2 Effects of turbine 1 inlet temperature and evaporation pressure on performance parameters in power generation system

图3 压缩比对制冷循环冷?回收效率的影响

Fig.3 Effects of compression ratio on cold exergy recovery efficiency in refrigeration cycle

图4 压缩机K110出口压力对天然气液化循环功耗的影响

Fig.4 Effects of compressor K110 outlet pressure on power consumption in natural gas liquefaction cycles

图5 压缩机K110进口温度对天然气液化循环性能参数的影响

Fig.5 Effects of compressor K110 inlet temperature on performance parameters in natural gas liquefaction cycles

图6 CO2捕集压力对天然气液化循环性能参数的影响

Fig.6 Effects of CO2 captured pressure on performance parameters in natural gas liquefaction cycles

图7 氮气质量流量对天然气液化循环性能参数的影响

Fig.7 Effects of mass flow rate of nitrogen on performance parameters in natural gas liquefaction system

图8 透平膨胀机3出口压力对天然气液化系统性能参数的影响

Fig.8 Effects of turbine 3 outlet pressure on performance parameters in natural gas liquefaction system

表3 氮膨胀制冷循环优化后的关键参数

Table 3 Key parameters of nitrogen expansion refrigeration circulation

Item	Pre-optimization results	Optimization results
compressor K112 outlet pressure/kPa	900	909
compressor K112 inlet temperature/℃	20	18
compressor K113 outlet pressure/kPa	1200	1172
compressor K114 outlet pressure/kPa	1500	1500
compressor total power consumption/kW	120	101.54

图9 有/无液化系统的废热回收效率比较

Fig.9 Comparison of waste heat recovery efficiency with/without liquefaction system

表4 优化后整个系统的计算结果

Table 4 Optimal calculation results of the whole system

Item	Maximum value	Item	Maximum value
Item	net output power in SAGD/ORC	Item	CO₂ captured quantity	LNG used to peak regulation
evaporation temperature/℃	190	compressor K110 inlet temperature/℃	-10	-100
turbine 1 outlet pressure/kPa	200	compressor K110 outlet pressure/kPa	360	360
compressor outlet pressure/kPa	200	turbine 5 outlet pressure/kPa	700	110
net output power/kW	454.9	nitrogen mass flow rate/(kg/h)	4000	1000
thermal efficiency/%	36.6	CO₂ compressor outlet pressure/kPa	600	600
exergy efficiency/%	31.4	LNG used to peak regulation/(kg/h)	192.8	378.8
waste heat recovery efficiency/%	34.2	CO₂ captured quantity/%	75	46.4
η_cold in refrigeration cycle/%	87.7	net output power/kW	29.1	267.5

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一种天然气液化和CO₂捕集相结合的余热回收发电系统

A waste heat recovery power generation system combined with natural gas liquefaction and CO₂ capture

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