点火位置对乳胶泡沫水平火蔓延规律的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20181229

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究点火位置对乳胶泡沫材料水平方向火蔓延规律的影响。搭建小尺寸实验平台，在距离材料中心点0（x1）、3.54 cm（x2）、7.08 cm（x3）、10.62 cm（x4）、14.16 cm（x5）、17.70 cm（x6）位置处点火，研究了试样表面温度、质量损失、火焰高度、火蔓延速度等特性参数的变化规律。结果表明，随着点火位置由材料中心点向边缘点移动，平均火蔓延速度分别为0.24、0.23、0.19、0.31、0.42、0.51 cm·s^-1，呈现先减小后增大的规律；x3点火位置时的平均火焰高度较低，燃烧时间较长，平均质量损失速率较低，主要与火蔓延过程中的热量传递方式有关。研究结果显示了乳胶泡沫的火蔓延过程，得到了点火位置对火蔓延的影响规律。

关键词: 乳胶泡沫, 点火位置, 火蔓延, 传热, 安全, 实验验证

Abstract:

A small-size experimental platform was developed to study the effect of ignition position on horizontal flame spread of 2 cm thickness latex foam. The ignition position was 0 (x1), 3.54 cm (x2), 7.08 cm (x3), 10.62 cm (x4), 14.16 cm (x5) and 17.70 cm (x6) from the center point of the material surface. The characteristic parameters, such as surface temperature, mass loss, flame height and flame spread speed were measured during the tests. The results showed that the average flame spread rate is 0.24, 0.23, 0.19, 0.31, 0.42 and 0.51 cm·s^-1 for the tests that the ignition position is far from the center point of the material. At the x3 ignition position condition, the average flame height and mass loss rate was lower and the combustion time was longer than the other tests due to the difference of the heat transfer mode. Then the heat transfer mechanism of the combustion process with different ignition position was analyzed.

Key words: latex foam, ignition position, flame spread, heat transfer, safety, experimental validation

中图分类号:

X 932

张明振, 黄冬梅, 胡毅伟, 原琪, 席合一, 沈利铭, 段鹏征. 点火位置对乳胶泡沫水平火蔓延规律的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(7): 2802-2810.

Mingzhen ZHANG, Dongmei HUANG, Yiwei HU, Qi YUAN, Heyi XI, Liming SHEN, Pengzheng DUAN. Effect of ignition position on horizontal flame spread of latex foam[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(7): 2802-2810.

图/表 12

图1 实验装置示意图和热电偶布置及点火位置

Fig.1 Schematic of experimental device and sample ignition position and thermocouple arrangement

图2 实验样品温度和质量变化过程

Fig.2 Experimental sample temperature and mass change process

图3 不同点火位置时乳胶泡沫火焰形态

Fig.3 Latex foam flame pattern at different ignition positions

图4 表面火蔓延过程示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of surface fire spread

图5 不同点火位置下乳胶泡沫火焰高度

Fig.5 Flame height of latex foam under different ignition positions

图6 不同点火位置条件下火焰高度变化

Fig.6 Flame height under different ignition positions

图7 不同点火位置下乳胶泡沫的质量变化

Fig.7 Change of latex foam quality at different ignition positions

图8 不同点火位置下乳胶泡沫的质量损失速率

Fig.8 Mass loss rate of latex foam at different ignition positions

图9 不同点火位置乳胶泡沫材料表面温度分布曲线

Fig.9 Surface temperature profile of latex foam in different ignition positions

图10 乳胶泡沫表面温度随时间的变化

Fig.10 Latex foam surface temperature change with time

图11 火蔓延速率随时间的变化

Fig.11 Change of fire spread rate with time

图12 火焰蔓延过程传热模型

Fig.12 Heat transfer model of flame propagation process

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