PEMFC冷却剂循环条件下冷启动数值模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190420

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (S2): 146-154.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20190420

PEMFC冷却剂循环条件下冷启动数值模拟

魏琳^1,^2,³(),廖梓豪^1,^2,^3,⁴,蒋方明^1,^2,³()

1. 中国科学院广州能源研究所，广东广州 510640
2. 中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室，广东广州 510640
3. 广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室，广东广州 510640
4. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-04-23 修回日期:2019-05-30 出版日期:2019-09-06 发布日期:2019-09-06
通讯作者: 蒋方明
作者简介:魏琳(1988—)，女，博士，助理研究员，weilin@ms.giec.ac.cn
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A000310186);上海汽车工业科技发展基金会项目(1706)

Numerical study on cold start of PEMFC with coolant circulation

Lin WEI^1,^2,³(),Zihao LIAO^1,^2,^3,⁴,Fangming JIANG^1,^2,³()

1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-04-23 Revised:2019-05-30 Online:2019-09-06 Published:2019-09-06
Contact: Fangming JIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有高能量比、环境友好、工作温度低等优点，可用作未来新能源汽车的能量来源，具有很好的发展前景。然而零下温度启动时，电池内水结冰堵塞通道，严重影响电池启动性能及寿命。提出了PEMFC冷启动三维多物理场数值模型，考虑了冷却剂流动与传热的影响，对冷启动过程组分浓度、电势、温度、含冰量等参数进行了可视化分析。数值模拟结果与试验吻合良好，表明模型可用于预测电池冷启动性能并用于机理研究。

关键词: 燃料电池, 冷启动, 冷却剂, 数值模拟, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) show great potential to be considered as a renewable power system for future automobile applications due to their high power density and low operating temperature. However, a successful startup from subfreezing temperatures is a major challenge for the commercialization of PEMFC. In this research, a three-dimensional electrochemical-transport coupled model is developed. The model accounts the flow and heat transfer of the coolant during the cold start process. A detailed visualization analysis is conducted to illustrate the effects of a coolant system on the cold start performance. Our results include reactants concentration profiles, voltage curves, temperature distribution, and ice formation. The model validation results show good agreement between the model prediction and experimental data. Therefore, the model can be used to achieve a better understanding of PEMFCs cold start behavior.

Key words: fuel cells, cold start, coolant, numerical analysis, CFD

中图分类号:

TK 91

魏琳, 廖梓豪, 蒋方明. PEMFC冷却剂循环条件下冷启动数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S2): 146-154.

Lin WEI, Zihao LIAO, Fangming JIANG. Numerical study on cold start of PEMFC with coolant circulation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S2): 146-154.

图/表 11

图1 PEMFC结构及网格

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of PEMFC and mesh

表1 物性参数

Table 1 Physical property parameters

参数	数值
扩散层孔隙率	0.513
H₂/O₂/水蒸气扩散系数/(m²/s)	8.67×10^-5/ 1.53×10^-5/ 1.79×10^-5
双极板电导率/(S/m)	1.4×10⁶
扩散层/催化层电导率/(S/m)	300
双极板/扩散层/催化层/质子交换膜/冷却剂热导率/(W/(m·K))	16/ 1.7/ 0.27/ 0.16/ 0.25
双极板/扩散层/催化层/质子交换膜/冷却剂热质量/(kJ/(m³·K))	4000/ 230/ 580/ 2300/ 3400

图2 网格无关性验证

Fig.2 Grid independence validation

图3 冷却剂入口温度拟合

Fig.3 Coolant inlet temperature fitting

图4 数值结果与实验数据对比

Fig.4 Comparison of simulation result and experiment

表2 结构和工况参数

Table 2 Structure and operating conditions

参数	数值
气体流道宽度/mm	0.4
双极板厚度/mm	0.1
扩散层厚度/mm	0.2
催化层厚度/mm	0.015
质子交换膜厚度/mm	0.018
阳极/阴极化学计量比	2/3
电池启动温度/°C	-20
H₂/O₂流道入口温度/°C	-14/-18
H₂/O₂流道入口压力/Pa	1.84×10⁵ /1.74×10⁵

图5 z=0 m截面反应物浓度分布云图

Fig.5 Distribution of reactants at z=0 m

图6 MEM中面电流密度分布云图

Fig.6 Distribution of current density in middle of MEM

图7 温度分布曲线

Fig.7 Temperature evolution at different places

图8 z=0 m截面MEA含水量分布曲线

Fig.8 Evolution of membrane water at z=0 m

图9 z=1 mm截面冰含量分布曲线

Fig.8 Ice evolution at z=1 mm

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PEMFC冷却剂循环条件下冷启动数值模拟

Numerical study on cold start of PEMFC with coolant circulation

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